Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Art and Photos in PowerPoint ® Concepts of Genetics Ninth Edition Klug, Cummings, Spencer, Palladino Chapter 18.

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Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Art and Photos in PowerPoint ® Concepts of Genetics Ninth Edition Klug, Cummings, Spencer, Palladino Chapter 18 Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

18.1Eukaryotic Gene Can Occur at Any of the Steps Leading from DNA to Protein Product Different from prokaryotes: Lot’s of DNA mRNA processing Many chromosomes Chromatin structure mRNAs with a variety of half-lives Translational and posttranslational regulation

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.1

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 18.2Eukaryotic Gene Expression Is Influenced by Chromosome Organization and Chromatin Modifications Chromosome Territories and Transcription Factories

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.2a

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.2b

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 18.2Eukaryotic Gene Expression Is Influenced by Chromosome Organization and Chromatin Modifications Chromatin Remodeling

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.3

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Reduction of positive charge on histone protein weakens interactions between histone and DNA

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.4

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 18.2Eukaryotic Gene Expression Is Influenced by Chromosome Organization and Chromatin Modifications DNA Methylation

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.5

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure Copyright © 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc.

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Das and Singal (2004) J. Clin. Oncol.

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 18.3Eukaryotic Gene Transcription Is Regulated at Specific Cis-Acting Sites Promoters

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.6

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.7

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.8

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 18.3Eukaryotic Gene Transcription Is Regulated at Specific Cis-Acting Sites Enhancers and Silencers

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.9

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 18.4Eukaryotic Transcription Is Regulated by Transcription Factors that Bind to Cis-Acting Sites The Human Metallothionein IIA Gene: Multiple Cis-Acting Elements and Transcription Factors

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.10

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 18.4Eukaryotic Transcription Is Regulated by Transcription Factors that Bind to Cis- Acting Sites Functional Domains of Eukaryotic Transcription Factors DNA binding doman trans-activation or repression domain

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.11

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.12

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.12a

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.12b

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.13

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 18.5Activators and Repressors Regulate Transcription by Binding to Cis-acting Sites and Interacting with Other Transcription Factors Formation of the Transcription Initiation Complex

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.14

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 18.5Activators and Repressors Regulate Transcription by Binding to Cis-acting Sites and Interacting with Other Transcription Factors Interactions of the General Transcription Factors with Transcriptional Activators

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.15

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.

18.7Posttranscriptional Gene Regulation Occurs at All the Steps from RNA Processing to Protein Modification Alternative Splicing of mRNA

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.18

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure x 48 x 33 x 2 = 38,016

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 18.7Posttranscriptional Gene Regulation Occurs at All the Steps from RNA Processing to Protein Modification Sex Determination in Drosophila: A Model for Regulation of Alternative Splicing

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.20

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 18.7Posttranscriptional Gene Regulation Occurs at All the Steps from RNA Processing to Protein Modification Control of mRNA Stability

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.21

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 18.7Posttranscriptional Gene Regulation Occurs at All the Steps from RNA Processing to Protein Modification Translational and Post-translational Controls

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.22

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 18.8RNA Silencing Controls Gene Expression in Several Ways The Molecular Mechanisms of RNA Silencing

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.23

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 18.24

Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. 18.8RNA Silencing Controls Gene Expression in Several Ways RNA Silencing in Biotechnology and Therapy