SUSTAINABLE BUILT ENVIRONMENT IN BELGIUM : AN OVERVIEW Victor Brunfaut ISACF La Cambre, Brussels, Belgium Be-Sharp Conference Mumbai, october 16th, 2004.

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Presentation transcript:

SUSTAINABLE BUILT ENVIRONMENT IN BELGIUM : AN OVERVIEW Victor Brunfaut ISACF La Cambre, Brussels, Belgium Be-Sharp Conference Mumbai, october 16th, 2004

STRUCTURE 1. The context : Belgium 2. Sustainable development and SBE in Belgium The general framework : the international commitments The two dimensions of SBE 1. Sustainable urban planning 2. Sustainable building The tools 1. New public institutions 2. Local action

THE CONTEXT : BELGIUM

A VERY DENSELY POPULATED COUNTRY… HIGHLY DOTATED IN MOBILITY INFRASTRUCTURES (HIGHWAYS)… HIGHLY URBANIZED… Population: inhabitants (2001) Land surface: km2 Density:315 inhabitants/km2 GNI per capita:US $22,940 (World Bank, 2002)

A VERY DENSELY POPULATED COUNTRY… HIGHLY DOTATED IN MOBILITY INFRASTRUCTURES (HIGHWAYS)… HIGHLY URBANIZED… Population: inhabitants (2001) Land surface: km2 Density:315 inhabitants/km2 GNI per capita:US $22,940 (World Bank, 2002)

A VERY DENSELY POPULATED COUNTRY… HIGHLY DOTATED IN MOBILITY INFRASTRUCTURES (HIGHWAYS)… HIGHLY URBANIZED… Population: inhabitants (2001) Land surface: km2 Density:315 inhabitants/km2 GNI per capita:US $22,940 (World Bank, 2002)

… A SMALL BUT VERY COMPLEX, INSTITUTIONNALY ENTANGLED COUNTRY…

1 FEDERAL STATE

… A SMALL BUT VERY COMPLEX, INSTITUTIONNALY ENTANGLED COUNTRY… 1 FEDERAL STATE 3 REGIONS Flanders Wallonia Brussels

… A SMALL BUT VERY COMPLEX, INSTITUTIONNALY ENTANGLED COUNTRY… 1 FEDERAL STATE 3 REGIONS Flanders Wallonia Brussels

… A SMALL BUT VERY COMPLEX, INSTITUTIONNALY ENTANGLED COUNTRY… 1 FEDERAL STATE 3 REGIONS Flanders Wallonia Brussels

… A SMALL BUT VERY COMPLEX, INSTITUTIONNALY ENTANGLED COUNTRY… 1 FEDERAL STATE 3 REGIONS Flanders Wallonia Brussels

… A SMALL BUT VERY COMPLEX, INSTITUTIONNALY ENTANGLED COUNTRY… 1 FEDERAL STATE 3 REGIONS Flanders Wallonia Brussels 3 COMMUNITIES Flemish French German

… A SMALL BUT VERY COMPLEX, INSTITUTIONNALY ENTANGLED COUNTRY… 1 FEDERAL STATE 3 REGIONS Flanders Wallonia Brussels 3 COMMUNITIES Flemish French German

… A SMALL BUT VERY COMPLEX, INSTITUTIONNALY ENTANGLED COUNTRY… 1 FEDERAL STATE 3 REGIONS Flanders Wallonia Brussels 3 COMMUNITIES Flemish French German

… A SMALL BUT VERY COMPLEX, INSTITUTIONNALY ENTANGLED COUNTRY… 1 FEDERAL STATE 3 REGIONS Flanders Wallonia Brussels 3 COMMUNITIES Flemish French German

… A SMALL BUT VERY COMPLEX, INSTITUTIONNALY ENTANGLED COUNTRY… 1 FEDERAL STATE 3 REGIONS Flanders Wallonia Brussels 3 COMMUNITIES Flemish French German … each with its own government, public services, structures…

… A SMALL, VERY COMPLEX, INSTITUTIONNALY ENTANGLED, DEEPLY MUNICIPALIST, MAINLY DRIVEN BY PRIVATE INITIATIVE, COUNTRY…

… A SMALL, VERY COMPLEX, INSTITUTIONNALY ENTANGLED, DEEPLY MUNICIPALIST, MAINLY DRIVEN BY PRIVATE INITIATIVE, COUNTRY…

IN A BIGGER, COMPLEX « STATE » CALLED EUROPE… BELGIUM also with its own government…

… A LASAGNA OF POLITICAL ACTORS, FROM THE EUROPEAN TO THE VERY LOCAL, MUNICIPAL LEVEL « SUBSIDIARITY » AND « INSTITUTIONAL COOPERATION » BECOME KEYWORDS

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND SBE IN BELGIUM

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND SBE IN BELGIUM LATE START, SLOW MOTION A CONCERN IMPOSED TO BELGIUM BY INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS AND BY THE EUROPEAN UNION AGENDA; THE NEED TO COOPERATE IN ORDER TO SPEAK WITH ONE VOICE A TERMINOLOGICAL PROBLEM : FROM « GROWTH » TO « LASTING DEVELOPMENT » THE « 3 PILLARS » AS A JUSTIFICATION

THE GENERAL FRAMEWORK : THE INTERNATIONAL COMMITMENTS RIO, KYOTO, JOHANNESBURG… AND THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION ACCENT ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT FOR MORE THAN 10 YEARS HAVE HAD A KEY ROLE IN THE (LATE AND SLOW) DEVELOPMENT OF SBE IN BELGIUM EUROPEAN SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE (1999) FRAMEWORK OF ACTION FOR SUSTAINABLE URBANDEVELOPMENT (1998) TOWARDS A THEMATIC STRATEGY ON THE URBAN ENVIRONMENT (2004)

THE TWO DIMENSIONS OF SBE 1.SUSTAINABLE URBAN PLANNING densification of existing urban cores stop « urban sprawl » urban renewal - housing creation of new centralities into urban areas intermodality 2. SUSTAINABLE BUILDING mainly through financial incentives the driving role of public authorities

THE SPECIFIC INSTITUTIONAL SITUATION THE VERY COMPLEX INSTITUTIONAL SITUATION OF THE COUNTRY IS OF COURSE REFLECTED IN THE INSTITUTIONAL TOOLKIT REGARDING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT. IT GENERATED THE DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIPLE, OFTEN OVERLAPPING STRUCTURES (S.D. FEDERAL AND REGIONAL TRANSVERSAL COMMISSIONS,…) IN THIS CONTEXT, ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL ORIENTED LOBBIES AND NGO’S ASSUME AN INCREASING IMPORTANCE, ESPECIALLY IN TERMS OF IMPLEMENTATION AND EXPERTISE

1. THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT Ministeries Prime Minister Justice Finance Budget and Public Enterprise Interior Foreign Affairs Defence Economy, Energy, Foreign Trade and Science Policy Social Affairs and Public Health Self-employed and Agriculture Employment Development Co-operation Civil Service, Social Integration, Urban Policy and Equal Opportunities Transport Environment and Pensions State secretaries e-government, deputy to the Minister for the Budget and Public Enterprise Financial Modernisation and Combatting Tax Fraud, deputy to the Finance Minister Administrative Simplification (Prime Minister) European Affairs (Minister for Foreign Affairs) Sustainable Development and Social Economy (Minister for the Budget and Public Enterprise) Family and Disabled Issues (Minister for Social Affairs and Public Health) + 14 federal public services + 3 programmation services Social integration, poverty and social economy Sustainable development Scientific policy

2. THE COMMUNITIES AND REGIONS MAIN COMPETENCIES OF THE COMMUNITIES : Education Cultural matters Social Affairs MAIN COMPETENCIES OF THE REGIONS Town and country planning Environment Agriculture Housing Public Works Transport Regional aspects of the economic policy Foreign trade Employment policy Regional aspects of the energy policy Organisation and supervision of the local authorities Property belonging to the various religious groups Scientific research relating to regional matter international relations relating to regional matters. Note : in Brussels In the bilingual region of Brussels-Capital, 3 Community Commissions share in the exercising of Community competencies : the French Community Commission (COCOF), the Flemish Community Commission (VGC) and the Common Community Commission (COCOM)

THE TOOLS : 1.NEW PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS BASED ON TRANSVERSALITY AND INTEGRATION: THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT COMMISSIONS 1.RELYING ON LOCAL RESOURCES AND INITIATIVES: LOCAL AGENDA 21, « ECO- COUNSELORS », LOCAL DEVELOPMENT, CONCERTATION COMMISSIONS,…

THE (FEDERAL) INTERDEPARTMENT COMMISSION ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 1. NEW PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS : an example SECOND FEDERAL ACTION SCHEME FOR S.D.

SECOND FEDERAL ACTION SCHEME FOR S.D THEMES : POVERTY - AGEING - HEALTH - NATURAL RESOURCES CLIMATE - MOBILITY 31 ACTIONS ONLY 1 EXPLICITELY REGARDING SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE AND 5 REGARDING SUSTAINABLE URBAN PLANNING 2 PROBLEMS 1. THE GAP BETWEEN THE ACTION SCHEME AND THE « REAL » GOVERNMENT PROGRAMME 2. IMPLEMENTATION

SECOND FEDERAL ACTION SCHEME FOR S.D THE ISSUES RELATED TO SUSTAINABLE BUILT ENVIRONMENT ACTION 3offer decent and affordable housing to all citizens ACTION 15lower the use of natural resources ACTION 17the role of public authorities as example of good practice ACTION 23eco-energetical buiding ACTION 26/27 mastering the mobility issue ACTION 28better transportation facilities

2. LOCAL ACTION … a way to avoid planification and to achieve implementation, on a volontarist basis … a way to implement active citizens participation … a way to foster the permeation of sustainable development values, and the development of « best practices »