Food Security in Haiti and Global Environmental Change Perspectives from Université Quisqueya.

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Presentation transcript:

Food Security in Haiti and Global Environmental Change Perspectives from Université Quisqueya

GEC Climate change (increase of CO2 and other greenhouse gases lead to an increase in temperature, changes in rainfall pattern and water demand) Studies related to global environmental change stated that the tropical regions (such as Africa and Latin America) will suffer more from the negative impact of Global Environmental Change.

Assumption, The more vulnerable is a country, the poorer it will become over years. The poorer is a country, the greater will be the impacts of GEC on its food system.

Food Availability Production May decrease due to Change in rainfall pattern Shortening of rainy season Increasing rain intensity Flooding of low land areas Increasing erosion phenomena Severe droughts Tendency to soil salinization (  saltiness) Water scarcity

Food Availability This is in harmony with the Ministry of Environment 2001 Report on climate change This first Haitian report on climate change (based on simulations performed on three crops with the MAGICC-SCENGEN software) reveals that by year 2030 and year 2060:

Food Availability Production White potato yield will decrease (even in mountainous areas). Rice yield will decrease due to a shortening of the growing season linked to a reduction of all the other phenological phases. Corn yield will decrease because of a shortening of some important phenological phases

Food Availability Distribution may be interrupted during the rainy season due to the destruction of some vital infrastructures (roads, bridges…) This will hamper food circulation between Port-au-Prince and the countryside.

Food Availability Exchange Importation will increase

Food Access Affordability  purchasing power decrease in agricultural yields Frequent disasters (flood and drought) Inflation (increase of food prices) food unavailability

Food Access Allocation  % of the income allocated to food  % income allocated to entertainment, education, health

Food Access Preference no strong preference

Food Utilization Nutritional value Will decrease. More glucide than protein

Food Utilization Social value Poverty will increase

Food Utilization Food safety Decrease as a result of Increase external food dependency

All these will vary with the adaptation capacity Use of new crops and/or new varieties more adapted to new environmental conditions Adjustment of planting date