An Instructor’s Options Frank T. Stritter, Ph.D. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

Goals Describe various options Describe instructor’s role Choose formats creatively

Clusters of an Instructor’s Skills, Strategies and Attitudes 1.Organizing and explaining material 2.Creating an environment for learning 3.Helping learners become autonomous 4.Reflecting on and evaluating teaching

Instructional Strategies  Formats  Media

Large Group  Lecture z Lecture / Discussion

The Lecturer Orients Directs Explains Compares Narrates Uses audiovisuals Varies activities Is lively Closes

Small Group Seminar Learner - centered

The Leader  Sets task  Informs  Challenges  Releases tension  Elicits  Supports

è Tutorial

The Tutor sInstructs learner how to prepare sPresents content via materials sMeets with learner sQuestions learner sClassifies response and provides feedback sDetermines next question sEnds meeting

ò Individual

The Instructor  Negotiates outcomes z Agrees upon tasks z Develops bench marks z Allows reasonable flexibility z Evaluates comprehension z Provides feedback when necessary

Experiential Internship Learner research Assistant

The Supervisor 9Diagnoses learner’s need 9Negotiates responsibilities/expectations 9Performs, observes, assigns 9Debriefs 9Provides feedback 9Ensures time to reflect 9Summarizes and closes

Type of ParticipationPeople Remember Hearing, Saying, Seeing, and Doing Visual Verbal 90% of what they do 70% of what they say or write 50% of what they hear and see 30% of what they see 20% of what they hear or read Practice by Doing the Real Thing Simulate an Experience Prepare and Deliver a Presentation Participate in a Discussion Group Watch a Demonstration View a Multimedia Presentation Watch Video View a Still Picture Hear Presentation Read Learning Pyramid

In Summary:  Large Group  Small Group  Tutorial  Individualized  Experiential 

In Conclusion:  No one best strategy  More than one format  Each learner has specific needs  Adapt to what learner needs  Each instructor has strengths  Each instructor should be assigned based on strengths

Stephen Covey “Successful people begin with the end in mind.”

General Colin Powell “There are no secrets to success. It is the result of preparation, hard work and learning from failure.”

Confucius says:  “What I hear, I forget.  What I see, I remember.  What I do, I learn!”

Coach Vince Lombardi “Practice does not make perfect. Perfect practice makes perfect.”

Coach Joe Young “No one cares how much you know until they know how much you care.”

Coach Paul Bryant “I’m just a plow hand from Arkansas, but I have learned how to hold a team together. You have to lift some up and calm others down until you have just one heartbeat. That’s what it takes to make each one a winner”

Peter E. King “ Those who can – do, Those who think that others can also – teach.”

President Ruth Simmons If it hadn’t been for my teachers, my God, I don’t know what would have happened to me.”

Mitch Albom “Have you ever had a teacher - one who saw you as raw, but precious jewel, that with wisdom could be polished to a proud shine? “

Albert Camus “Without you, without the affectionate hand you extended to me, without your teaching, and your example, none of this would have happened.”