PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING OF SCIENCE W. G. SCOTT RAL/PPD 28 Nov 2007 We are encouraged to spend 1% of our research grant funding on “outreach” activities, promoting.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING OF SCIENCE
Advertisements

The Big Bang, the LHC and the Higgs Boson Dr Cormac O’ Raifeartaigh (WIT)
The Standard Model and Beyond [Secs 17.1 Dunlap].
Tony Liss Saturday Physics for Everyone November 9, 2013 (With debts to Chris Quigg, Leonard Susskind, Hitoshi Murayama)
Nuclear Physics Part 1: The Standard Model

Option 212: UNIT 2 Elementary Particles Department of Physics and Astronomy SCHEDULE  5-Feb pm Physics LRA Dr M Burleigh Intro lecture  9-Feb-04.
27 km ring Large Hadron Collider went online on Sept
Smashing the Standard Model: Physics at the CERN LHC
Chiral freedom and the scale of weak interactions.
Schlüsselexperimente der Elementarteilchenphysik:.
J. Brau, UO QuarkNet, June 20, Particles, Mysteries, and Linear Colliders Jim Brau QuarkNet Univ. of Oregon June 20, 2003.
Chiral freedom and the scale of weak interactions.
The Standard Model Introduction: What is Particle Physics? What Questions does it try to answer? The Standard Model: What it is and what it is not Unification.
Modern Physics LECTURE II.
Lecture 3: The Standard Model
8/5/2002Ulrich Heintz - Quarknet Particle Physics what do we know? Ulrich Heintz Boston University.
Particle Physics From Strings To Stars. Introduction  What is Particle Physics?  Large Hadron Collider (LHC)  Current Experiments – ALICE – ATLAS –
5.3.2 Fundamental Particles. (a) explain that since protons and neutrons contain charged constituents called quarks they are, therefore, not fundamental.
Elementary particles atom Hadrons Leptons Baryons Mesons Nucleons
Particle Physics J1 Particles and Interactions. Particle Physics Description and classification State what is meant by an elementary particle (no internal.
Fundamental Particles (The Standard Model) Nathan Brown June 2007.
Particle Physics Intro. What’s Stuff Made Of…Really? All particles can be grouped into two categories: Fermions and Bosons Things to know about Fermions:
The Big Bang, the LHC and the Higgs Boson Dr Cormac O’ Raifeartaigh (WIT)
fundamental constants first basic constant in physics.
Option 212: UNIT 2 Elementary Particles Department of Physics and Astronomy SCHEDULE 26-Jan pm LRB Intro lecture 28-Jan pm LRBProblem solving.
TU Dresden Particles of the Standard Model Sophie Koßagk.
BY: BRETT SLAJUS Particle Physics. Standard Model of Elementary Particles Three Generations of Matter (Fermions)
Particle Physics J4 Leptons and the standard model.
My Chapter 30 Lecture.
2 nd Presentation of Prof. Cho’s Class Hossain Ahmed Introduction to Standard Model.
August 22, 2002UCI Quarknet The Higgs Particle Sarah D. Johnson University of La Verne August 22, 2002.
1 FK7003 Elementary Particle Physics David Milstead A4:1021 tel: /
School of Arts & Sciences Dean’s Coffee Presentation SUNY Institute of Technology, February 4, 2005 High Energy Physics: An Overview of Objectives, Challenges.
LHC and Search for Higgs Boson Farhang Amiri Physics Department Weber State University Farhang Amiri Physics Department Weber State University.
Elementary Particles: Physical Principles Benjamin Schumacher Physics April 2002.
From Luigi DiLella, Summer Student Program
Fisica Generale - Alan Giambattista, Betty McCarty Richardson Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies s.r.l. 1 Chapter 30: Particle Physics Fundamental.
Dr. Bill Pezzaglia Particle Physics Updated: 2010May20 Modern Physics Series 1 ROUGH DRAFT.
© John Parkinson 1 e+e+ e-e- ANNIHILATION © John Parkinson 2 Atom 1x m n n n n Nucleus 1x m U Quarks 1x m U D ? ? ?
Fundamental principles of particle physics G.Ross, CERN, July08.
Atomic Physics – Part 3 Ongoing Theory Development To accompany Pearson Physics PowerPoint presentation by R. Schultz
Modern Physics. Reinventing Gravity  Einstein’s Theory of Special Relativity  Theorizes the space time fabric.  Describes why matter interacts.  The.
Walton, the LHC and the Higgs boson Cormac O’Raifeartaigh (WIT) Albert Einstein Ernest Walton.
The Higgs Boson Observation (probably) Not just another fundamental particle… July 27, 2012Purdue QuarkNet Summer Workshop1 Matthew Jones Purdue University.
weak decays beta decay ofneutron problem energy and momentum not conserved e n p.
ELECTROWEAK UNIFICATION Ryan Clark, Cong Nguyen, Robert Kruse and Blake Watson PHYS-3313, Fall 2013 University of Texas Arlington December 2, 2013.
SYNTHESIS The Standard Model 1.Elementary particles 2.Strong nuclear force 3.Weak nuclear force 4.The Standard Model.
Wednesday, Jan. 15, 2003PHYS 5396, Spring 2003 Jae Yu 1 PHYS 5396 – Lecture #2 Wednesday, Jan. 15, 2003 Dr. Jae Yu 1.What is a neutrino? 2.History of neutrinos.
Feynman Diagrams Richard Feynman invented the concept of virtual photons as part of his theory of quantum electrodynamics. The maths is complicated – but,
Water ( H 2 O ) oxygen atom ( O ) proton ( p ) electrons ( e ) neutron ( n ) 3 quarks What the matters are made out of ? 3 quarks
Introduction to Particle Physics (for non physics students) 3. FORCES.
Phy107 Fall From Last Time… Particles are quanta of a quantum field –Often called excitations of the associated field –Particles can appear and.
Particle Physics "three quarks for Muster Mark" -James Joyce (Finnegan’s Wake) Contents: Particle Accelerators Quantum Electrodynamics and Feynman diagrams.
The Standard Model T. Kawamoto The University of Tokyo FAPPS08 Les Houches September 2008.
Introduction to Particle Physics
Introduction to CERN Activities
From Before… Essay Due Today Discussed the weak interaction
HCP: Particle Physics Module, Lecture 3
Elementary particles Spring 2005, Physics /24/2018 Lecture XXV.
Particle Physics what do we know?
Particle physics.
Standard model of fundamental particles and interactions
Particle Physics and The Standard Model
SPH4U Elementary Particles.
Ichep.
Standard Model Review 2019.
Composite Weak Bosons LHC.
Fundamental Particles
Weak interactions.
Presentation transcript:

PUBLIC UNDERSTANDING OF SCIENCE W. G. SCOTT RAL/PPD 28 Nov 2007 We are encouraged to spend 1% of our research grant funding on “outreach” activities, promoting understanding, appreciation and awareness of our science to the general public: Targeting yr olds in schools etc. can help attract more young people into a scientific career. (e.g. RAL MasterClass Mar 2008). Helps ensure that the UKs front line contribution in this science is recognised by opinion formers, decision-takers/politicians. Taxpayers can have an appreciation and awareness of the research being funded on their behalf. Helps produce highly qualified researchers with advanced skills needed by academia, industry and commerce.

THE STANDARD MODEL: “higgs potential” fermion kinetic term gauge “kinetic” term yukawa term higgs kinetic term where: “covariant derivative” field-strength tensor vector potential (schematic)

THE HIGGS FIELD: gives masses to the pointlike particles : quarks leptons W,Z etc. refraction?.

u=“UP” (+2/3) PROTON NEUTRON d=“DOWN” (-1/3) QUARKS …but not to the neutron/proton!

PARTICLE PHYSICS

THE ATOM neutron NUCLEUS electrons (-) proton (+)

u=“UP” (+2/3) PROTON NEUTRON d=“DOWN” (-1/3) QUARKS

ELECTRICAL FORCES e-e- e-e- Photon QUANTUM FIELD THEORY

QED e- γ

d d γ QED

QUARK CONFINEMENT The “Strong” Force Quark Antiquark

“CHROMOSTATICS”

THE “COLOUR” FORCE

QCD gluons 8 colours quarks 3 colours

THE WEAK FORCE Beta Decay np Antineutrino Electron

BETA DECAY (at the quark level) du Antineutrino Electron

u e- d W+ WEAK INTERACTION

THE WEAK FORCE u e- W+ Due to W-boson exchange

The Discovery of the W +/- and Z 0 UAI (1983) MASSES: W +/- ≈ 80GeV Z 0 ≈ 91GeV

NEUTRAL CURRENTS (1973)

ELECTRO-WEAK

THE “FORCE” PARTICLES g 1 g 2 g 3 g 4 g 5 g 6 g 7 g 8 W - Z 0 W + γ

CERN

THE “MATTER” PARTICLES Q /3 +2/3

THE DISCOVERY OF TOP (Fermilab USA 1994) top ≈ 180 GeV

ELECTROWEAK e-e- e+e+ z0z0 w+w+ w-w-

GAUGE THEORIES

MATTER PARTICLES (Fermions) FORCE PARTICLES (Bosons) = 0 (Pauli exclusion principle) = 4 (Stimulated emission, lasers etc)

PLANCK SCALE 10 GeV 19 GUT SCALE 10 GeV 16 GRAND UNIFICATION: strong weak hyper. INVERSE COUPLING ENERGY GeV

INTERACTION WITH THE HIGGS FIELD gives masses to the “point-like” particles, quarks, leptons, W, Z etc.

PROF HIGGS UNIV EDINBURGH

HIGGS AT LEP

TO DISCOVER THE HIGGS WE NEED: THE LHC

V THE NEUTRINO A VERY FRIENDLY PARTICLE

ATMOSPHERIC NEUTRINOS

SUPER-KAMIOKANDE

MINOS CHICAGOMINESSOTA (750 Km)

CP-VIOLATION

THE FUNDAMENTAL FORCES WEAK STRONGGRAVITY ELECTRO- MAGNETIC UNIFIED FORCE?

1973“Neutral currents” 1983w+/-, z 1996z* → ww RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN PARTICLE PHYSICS

NEUTRINO MASSES ?? 1)Solar 2)Atmospheric →v 3 ≈ 85 MeV ?

THE DISCOVERY OF TOP (1994) t → b w ev top ≈ 180 GeV

ATMOSPHERIC NEUTRINOS EARTH Cosmic ray (protons) Neutrino Detector