Superconducting Particle Accelerator Forum of the Americas Fermilab November 13, 2012 Dr. Jim Siegrist Associate Director of Science for High Energy Physics Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy 1

DOE’s Office of Science, by the numbers The undulator hall at the Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC,  $5B annual budget  25,000 Ph.D. scientists, graduate students, under- graduates, engineers, and technical staff at more than 300 institutions in all 50 States and DC through competitive awards  32 national user facilities serving more than 26,000 users each year  100 Nobel Prizes during the past 6 decades—more than 20 in the past 10 years Accelerator Stewardship - Siegrist

NSLS NSLS-II Some of the other 32 Office of Science user facilities NuMI Beamline, FNAL; NERSC Computing Center, LBNL; NSTX, PPPL; STAR Detector, RHIC, BNL; APS, ANL; CEBAF, TJNAF; NSLS-II, BNL, 3Accelerator Stewardship - Siegrist

“Big Science*”  “Big science,” born at the Labs during and after WW-II, begat this large suite of Office of Science national user facilities, half of which are accelerator based.  These facilities transformed the nature of the labs, opening them to thousands of external users, many of whom are non-specialists or novice users.  Today, stewardship of the facilities and their users is a defining characteristic of the Office of Science. 4 * According to Wiki, big science = big budgets, big staffs, big machines, and/or big laboratories Accelerator Stewardship - Siegrist

HEP at a glance –annual budget ~$750M includes ~$100M dedicated to long-term accelerator R&D –staff ~2000 Ph.D. scientists, graduate students, engineers, and technicians at ~100 institutions and 9 national laboratories 12 Nobel Prizes in the past 40 years High Energy Physics, by the Numbers Accelerator Stewardship - Siegrist5 Fermilab Tevatron (now decommissioned) CERN Large Hadron Collider (highest energy accelerator) SLAC PEP-II B Factory (now decommissioned)

HEP Paradigm Three scientific frontiers –energy frontier use powerful accelerators to create new particles, reveal their interactions, and investigate fundamental forces –intensity frontier use intense particle beams and highly sensitive detectors to pursue alternate pathways for investigating fundamental forces and particle interactions via the study of rare processes –cosmic frontier use non-accelerator –based experiments and telescopes to make measurements of naturally occurring phenomena that offer new insights on dark matter and dark energy to understand the fundamental properties of matter and energy Accelerator Stewardship - Siegrist 6 Powerful accelerators are central to carrying out the HEP mission

The Energy Frontier Origins of Mass Dark energy Cosmic Particles The Cosmic Frontier Neutrino Physics Proton Decay The Intensity Frontier Physics and Technology Physics Frontiers 7 Dark matter Matter/Anti-matter Asymmetry Origin of Universe Unification of Forces New Physics Beyond the Standard Model Accelerator Stewardship - Siegrist

Experiment Simulation Theory Physics and Technology 8 Physics Techniques Accelerator Stewardship - Siegrist

Accelerator Computation Detector Physics and Technology 9 Enabling Technologies Accelerator Stewardship - Siegrist

Accelerator Science & Technology Accelerator R&D develops basic science and technologies needed to design, build, and operate state-of-the-art accelerators –accelerators are essential for making new discoveries in HEP and for serving a broader community –discovery science –industry –medicine –defense and security –energy and environment There is already a strong connection between current R&D thrusts and stewardship program needs Accelerator Stewardship - Siegrist 10   Stewardship

Connecting Accelerator R&D to Science and to End-User Needs 11Accelerator Stewardship - Siegrist

The Committee understands that powerful new accelerator technologies created for basic science and developed by industry will produce particle accelerators with the potential to address key economic and societal issues confronting our Nation. However, the Committee is concerned with the divide that exists in translating breakthroughs in accelerator science and technology into applications that benefit the marketplace and American competitiveness. The Committee directs the Department to submit a … 10-year strategic plan … for accelerator technology research and development to advance accelerator applications in energy and the environment, medicine, industry, national security, and discovery science. The strategic plan should be based on the results of the Department's 2010 workshop study, Accelerators for America's Future, that identified the opportunities and research challenges for next-generation accelerators and how to improve coordination between basic and applied accelerator research. The strategic plan should also identify the potential need for demonstration and development facilities to help bridge the gap between development and deployment. Senate Report , p. 93. (Ordered to be printed September 7, 2011) Request for a new activity in accelerator R&D from SEWD 12 Accelerators for America's Future Workshop: October 2009 Report: June 2010 Accelerator Stewardship - Siegrist

“… In order to foster the advancement of the application of accelerator technology for issues of national importance, it is essential that new relationships be formed and nurtured between those who are empowered to develop this technology and those who are the ultimate beneficiaries of this technology. …” The Accelerator R&D Task Force Report (May 2012) The follow-on to Accelerators for America’s Future 13 Accelerator R&D Task Force Report May 2012 Accelerator Stewardship - Siegrist

 The mission of the HEP long-term accelerator R&D stewardship program is to support fundamental accelerator science and technology development of relevance to many fields and to disseminate accelerator knowledge and training to the broad community of accelerator users and providers.  Strategies:  Improve access to national laboratory accelerator facilities and resources for industrial and for other U.S. government agency users and developers of accelerators and related technology;  Work with accelerator user communities and industrial accelerator providers to develop innovative solutions to critical problems, to the mutual benefit of our customers and the DOE discovery science community;  Serve as a catalyst to broaden and strengthen the community of accelerator users and providers  Strategic plan sent to Congress in October 2012 The Accelerator R&D Stewardship Program 14Accelerator Stewardship - Siegrist

Schematic of Program Organization 15 Individual boards provide advice on specific topical areas based on assessments of the AfAF Report and the Task Force Report and on direct community engagement. SC Policy Committee: ADs of ASCR, BES, and NP. Accelerator Stewardship - Siegrist

Next Steps 16  Immediately augment existing programs to provide opportunities for industrial users at DOE facilities by increasing support staff and funding for beam test facilities, such as FACET.  completed survey of available national lab infrastructure and capabilities  results on next slide  In the mid-term (2–5 years), identify a few topical areas with high impact for focused work. Selected areas are: (1) improved particle beam delivery and control for cancer therapy facilities; and (2) laser development addressing the needs of the accelerator community, i.e., high peak power, high average power, and high electrical efficiency. Each topical area will have a stakeholder board.  In the longer term (5–10 years), select additional topical areas for focused work. New stakeholder boards will be created as topics are identified.  In steady state, SC/HEP plans for at least three topical areas to be supported at any given time. Accelerator Stewardship - Siegrist

In addition to broad expertise in accelerator and component design, specialized infrastructure exists Lab infrastructure falls mainly into these categories: –RF test facilities (RF power sources, cryogenic test stands, processing capabilities, clean rooms) both conventional and SC structures can be accommodated –available at ANL, BNL, FNAL, Jlab, ORNL, SLAC –magnet test facilities (power supplies, cryogenic test stands, field mapping) both conventional and SC magnets can be accommodated –available at BNL, FNAL, LBNL, ORNL, SLAC –superconducting cable/strand preparation and testing facilities (cabling equipment, heat treatment ovens, clean rooms) available at BNL, FNAL, LBNL Facility Survey Results (1) Accelerator Stewardship - Siegrist17

–beam test facilities (electrons, neutrons, protons, light and heavy ions) includes particle sources, transport lines, diagnostics, laser-driven accelerators –available at ANL, BNL, FNAL, LBNL, ORNL, SLAC –fabrication and materials characterization facilities (high accuracy NC machine tools, CMMs, e-beam welders, wire edm, chemical cleaning, electro-polishing, SEMs, laser trackers, coating systems, remote handling,…) available at all national laboratories –high-performance computing expertise includes finite-element calculations, general accelerator design, nonlinear beam dynamics and beam transport, radiation shielding, electromagnetic modeling –available at all national laboratories Facility Survey Results (2) Accelerator Stewardship - Siegrist18

Workshops being organized to assess needs in identified target areas –Ion Beam Therapy Workshop (co-sponsored by NIH/NCI) January 9-11, 2013 in Bethesda, MD –Laser Technology for Accelerators Workshop January 23-25, 2013 in Napa, CA (organized by LBNL) Both meetings will be small and tightly focused –attendance by invitation only limited number of industrial “observers” will be accommodated Mid-term Activities Accelerator Stewardship - Siegrist19

After initial activities launched, other user areas will be systematically examined for candidate topics –defense & security, energy, environment, industry Whether activities maintained in all areas simultaneously or only a few depends on out-year resources –trained people, not funding, may well be the limiting resource  education/training remain a high priority Potential need for demonstration facilities addressed by stakeholder boards (on case-by-case basis) –these are large investments, beyond what a stewardship program can likely support if needed, must become projects in their own right Stewardship program manager, with help from stakeholder boards, will maintain contact with user communities Longer-term Activities Accelerator Stewardship - Siegrist20

21 Summary SC’s High Energy Physics program is committed to the continued support of a world-leading program in accelerator R&D that serves both the needs of SC’s basic research applications and the needs of the broader community of accelerator users. Accelerator Stewardship - Siegrist

Backups Accelerator Stewardship - Siegrist22

Origins of accelerator science in (the earliest predecessor of) the Office of Science 23 Ernest O. Lawrence November 1, 1937 Lawrence’s original 5-inch cyclotron, 80 keV, 1931 Accelerator Stewardship - Siegrist

After several intermediate sizes came the 184-inch cyclotron … inch cyclotron, > 100 MeV, 1946 Accelerator Stewardship - Siegrist

This building now houses the Advanced Light Source, commissioned Accelerator Stewardship - Siegrist

Outreach to non-traditional (industrial) users: X-ray, neutron, and electron scattering 26 Accelerator Stewardship - Siegrist