Cases of Nouns Nominative Accusative Genitive Dative Ablative Vocative

Nominative? ….doing the verb eg..the girl spoke Latin = puella

Accusative?....receiving the action of the verb eg….I saw the girl = puellam

Dative? ….expresses to or for eg… I bought a Christmas present for the girl = puellae

Genitive??? ……shows possession, ……..same as ‘of’ ………same as ’s or s’ eg. I took the girl’s book = puellae I took the girls’ books = puellarum

Vocative?? ….used for addressing people, ……not really part of the sentence ……… only used in direct speech eg. She said, “Girls, we have a visitor!” = puellae

ablative ….used to show the instrument used to do the verb ……eg, Harold was killed by an arrow = sagitta eg, Romeo was loved by the girl = a puella

Cases of Nouns Nominative Doing the verb Romeo loves Juliet Accusative Receiving the verb Romeo loves Juliet Genitive ‘of’ The death of Juliet Dative ‘to’, ‘for’ The apothecary gave the potion to Juliet Ablative ‘by’, ‘with’, ‘from’ Juliet was not killed by the potion Vocative Addressing/calling someone ‘Romeo, I love you!’

1 st Dec2 nd Dec3 rd Dec Nompuellaservusleo Vocpuellaserveleo Accpuellamservumleonem Genpuellaeservileonis Datpuellaeservoleoni Ablpuellaservoleone Nompuellaeservileones Vocpuellaeservileones Accpuellasservosleones Genpuellarumservorumleonum Datpuellisservisleonibus Ablpuellisservisleonibus Are there any patterns that will help us spot which case is which? Adjectives like bonus have the same endings as servus / puella (1 st /2 nd dec) Adjectives like fortis have the same endings as leo (3 rd dec)

Which case? Clemens was working for his master The slave was helping with the cooking Metella was cleaning the chair. The chair was the property of Caecilius. Caecilius entered the splendid triclinium. Caecilius’ dinner was on the table. Caecilius gave the wine to the guest. He said: Grumio, come here.

Which case is it? I enter the house The slave gave food to the horse The master was very fond of his parrot I told you, Clemens, don’t go to that shop. This is the shop of Eutychus. Eutychus has a very splendid shop. Some shop keepers protected their shops with gangs.

servus dedit nominativeaccusativegenitivedative

servus pecuniam dedit nominativeaccusativegenitivedative

servus pecuniam venalicio dedit nominativeaccusativegenitivedative

servus pecuniam domini venalicio dedit nominativeaccusativegenitivedative

mater mihi et amico cenam parabat nominativeaccusativegenitivedative

amicus Barbilli Quinto auxilium offerebat nominativeaccusativegenitivedative

Augustus maritum sororis non amabat nominativeaccusativegenitivedative

Qui

qui, quae, quod who, which

qui quorum quarum quibus quo qua cui cuius quem quae quos quas quod singularpluraleither

qui quorum quarum quibus quo qua cui cuius quem quae quos quas quod NomAccGenDatAbl

Which part of qui? The man, who was eating ice-cream, was happy. The ice-cream, which the man was eating, was enormous. The van, from which the man bought the ice- cream, was playing a tune. The ice-cream seller, to whom the van belonged, was proud of his ice-cream. The ice-cream, of which the seller was proud, was renowned throughout the land.

1.senex cui epistulam misisti non adest. 2.da mihi equum qui celerior est. 3.captivi quorum custos eram omnes effugerant. 4.turba cuius clamores audire possumus irata est. 5.ancilla quam omnes amant pulcherrima est. 6.senex quem intrantem vidi fur erat. 7.hic est liber sine quo nihil facere possum. 8.puellae quibuscum Horatia ludebat forum intraverunt. 9.ei qui fugerunt mox fessi erunt.