4.01 Remember the structures of the urinary system

4.02 Understand the Functions and Disorders of the Urinary System

4.01 Remember the structures of the urinary system Essential Question What are the structures of the urinary system? 4.01 Remember the structures of the urinary system 3

4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system Essential Questions What are the functions of the urinary system? What are some disorders of the urinary system? How are disorders of the urinary system treated? How do you relate the body’s hormone control to the urinary system? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

Structures of the urinary system Kidneys Ureters Bladder Urethra Urinary meatus 4.01 Remember the structures of the urinary system 5

Structures of the urinary system Kidneys (p. 567) External structures Renal capsule Renal hilum Internal structures Renal cortex Renal medulla Renal pelvis 4.01 Remember the structures of the urinary system 6 6

Structures of the urinary system External kidney Renal fascia Fibrous layer of connective tissue Renal hilum Indentation that gives the kidney its bean-shaped appearance 4.01 Remember the structures of the urinary system 7

Structures of the urinary system Internal kidney (p. 567) Renal cortex Outer layer Renal medulla Middle layer Renal pelvis Innermost layer 4.01 Remember the structures of the urinary system 8

Structures of the urinary system Renal cortex Composed of millions of microscopic functional units called nephrons 4.01 Remember the structures of the urinary system 9

Structures of the urinary system Nephron Functional unit of kidney Renal corpuscle Bowman’s capsule Glomerulus Renal tubule Proximal convoluted tubule Loop of Henle Distal convoluted tubule Collecting tubules Each kidney contains about 1.3 MILLION nephrons! 4.01 Remember the structures of the urinary system 10 10

Structures of the Urinary system Renal medulla Inner, striated layer RENAL PYRAMIDS are the striated cones. Base of each pyramid faces cortex, while apex empties into cuplike cavities called CALYCES Renal columns Located between the pyramids Cortical tissue 4.01 Remember the structures of the urinary system 11

Structures of the urinary system Renal pelvis Funnel shaped structure at the beginning of the ureter 4.01 Remember the structures of the urinary system 12

Structures of the urinary system Ureters (p. 588) Muscular tube extending from each kidney to the urinary bladder Lined by a mucous membrane 10-12” long Ureters 4.01 Remember the structures of the urinary system 13

Structures of the urinary system Urinary bladder Hollow muscular organ Located in pelvic cavity Made of elastic fibers and involuntary muscles 4.01 Remember the structures of the urinary system 14

Structures of the urinary system Female Urethra (p. 589) Connects the bladder to the outside of the body Female 1-2” long Male 4-6” long Urinary meatus Opening to the outside of the body Male 4.01 Remember the structures of the urinary system 15 15

Understand the functions of the urinary system Excretion Formation of urine Fluid and electrolyte balance Elimination of urine 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

Understand the functions of the urinary system Excretion (p.566) What is excretion? Why does the body have excretory functions? What is the composition of wastes excreted by the urinary system? How is it relevant to health? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

Understand the functions of the urinary system Filtration Reabsorption Secretion 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system Filtration Blood from renal artery enters glomerulus High pressure in glomerulus forces fluid into Bowman’s capsule, where it is filtered (p.566, 577) 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system Filtration BOWMAN’S CAPSULE Bowman’s capsule filters out 125cc of fluid/min. …how many cc’s per hour is this? As the filtrate continues through nephron, 90% of water is reabsorbed—what would happen if reabsorption here failed? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system Reabsorption What substances are reabsorbed? Where do they go? If blood levels of certain substances are high, the substances will not be reabsorbed. How does this help maintain homeostasis? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system Secretion What is secretion? Describe how this process is the opposite of reabsorption…. 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system Secretion What substances are secreted into the collecting tubules? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

Understand the functions of the urinary system Fluid and electrolyte balance Electrolytes are selectively secreted to maintain body’s acid-base balance. What are electrolytes? What do they do? What is the relevance to health? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

Understand the functions of the urinary system Fluid and electrolyte balance Chemical control (p. 583) ADH Aldosterone Nervous control 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

Understand the functions of the urinary system Fluid and electrolyte balance Chemical control ADH – Antidiuretic hormone Aldosterone 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

Understand the functions of the urinary system Fluid and electrolyte balance Chemical control ADH is released by the posterior pituitary gland What is the function of ADH (antidiuretic hormone)? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

Understand the functions of the urinary system Fluid and electrolyte balance Chemical control The amount of ADH produced is related to the level of body hydration What factors regulate the release of ADH? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

Understand the functions of the urinary system Forming more dilute urine: Define “dilute urine” What are diuretics? What effect do they have on the production of urine? Give examples of substances that have diuretic effects. 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

Understand the functions of the urinary system Fluid and electrolyte balance Chemical control Aldosterone Where does it come from? What does it do? Aldosterone release is the result of the renin-angiotensin system. What does this mean? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

Understand the functions of the urinary system Fluid and electrolyte balance What effect does this cycle have on your blood pressure? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

Understand the functions of the urinary system Fluid and electrolyte balance Nervous control How does the nervous system control urinary secretions? What other systems are involved in the production and excretion of urine? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system Understand the functions of the urinary system The flow of electrolytes Review urine formation, electrolyte exchange, and some factors that effect urine volume. 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

Understand the functions of the urinary system review What do you predict will happen to blood pressure when the blood volume increases? What if blood volume decreases? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

Understand the functions of the urinary system review If more water is reabsorbed back into the body---what will happen to urine concentration? (more or less concentrated?) 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

Understand the functions of the urinary system Elimination of urine What causes the bladder to empty? Is this a voluntary or involuntary action? What can prevent urination? How is urinary retention treated? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

Understand the functions of the urinary system Elimination of urine Urinary output Average urinary output = 1500 ml per day *How many ounces is this? What effects the color of your urine? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system Urinalysis An examination of urine What does normal urine look like? What constitutes an abnormal urinalysis? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system Urinalysis What could the presence of blood in urine indicate? What is the medical term for this condition? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

Where would excess glucose show up? Urinalysis Where would excess glucose show up? What does this mean? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system Urinalysis 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

Disorders of the urinary system 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

Disorders of the urinary system Cystitis What is cystitis (cyst= medical term for ____ +itis =___ ) Most common cause: E. Coli What are the major symptoms of cystitis? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

Disorders of the urinary system Cystitis More common in females—Why ?? Rx= antibiotics 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

Disorders of the urinary system Disease which injures the glomerulus. What will happen as a result of damaged glomeruli? Glomerulonephritis 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

Disorders of the urinary system Glomerulonephritis Two types: Acute Chronic Define these terms. How do these terms relate to glomerulonephritis symptoms? What is the prognosis for each? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

Disorders of the urinary system Renal calculi Also known as nephrolithiasis nephro lith iasis What are renal calculi made of? What are the symptoms? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

Disorders of the urinary system Renal calculi What will happen if the ureters are blocked? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

Disorders of the urinary system Renal calculi How is it treated? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

Disorders of the urinary system Renal calculi How does lithotripsy work? Is it a cure? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

Disorders of the urinary system Renal failure Acute What causes it? What are the symptoms? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

Disorders of the urinary system Renal failure chronic May be none in early stages, urinalysis may reveal proteinuria Why would protein be present in the urine? Why is this not normal? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

Disorders of the urinary system Renal Failure Chronic kidney disease leads to a buildup of fluid and waste products in the body. How are these systems affected by renal failure? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

Disorders of the urinary system Renal Failure How is it treated? Peritoneal dialysis What is the process involved in this treatment? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

Disorders of the urinary system Renal Failure How is it treated? Hemodialysis What is hemodialysis? What determines the patient’s treatment schedule? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

Disorders of the urinary system Renal Failure Compare the treatment of acute and chronic renal failure. 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

Disorders of the urinary system How does hemodialysis mimic glomerular function? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

Disorders of the urinary system Renal transplant What is involved in this treatment option? When does a patient get a transplant? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

Disorders of the urinary system Renal transplant What is the major complication of renal transplantation? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system

4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system Essential Questions What are the functions of the urinary system? What are some disorders of the urinary system? How are disorders of the urinary system treated? How do you relate the body’s hormone control to the urinary system? 4.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the urinary system