Referencing APA AND MLA

How Do you Reference?

Why do you think we should reference?  Give ‘credit where credit is due’  For support and evidence  Demonstrate strength in your writing …. Show it is based on the research/knowledge of others  Avoid plagiarism  Acknowledge the work of others

What is APA referencing used for?  Typically used in the social sciences  In-text references  Copying and pasting a web-site IS NOT REFERENCING

Referencing APA 

Your Essay Should:  be typed and double-spaced be printed on standard-sized paper (8.5 ῀ x11 ῀ )  use 1 ῀ margins on all sides  use pt. Times New Roman  include a page header (title) in the upper left-hand of every page and a page number in the upper right-hand side of every page

Your Essay Should:  Main Body (Text)  Number the first text page as page  Type and center the title of the paper centered, at the top of the page  Type the text double-spaced with all sections following each other  Identify the sources you use in the paper in parenthetical in-text citations  Format tables and figures

Reference Page  Center the title  (References) at the top of the page. Do Double-space reference entries  Flush left the first line of the entry and indent subsequent  Invert author’s names (last name first followed by initials: ᾿ Smith, J.Q. ῀ )  Alphabetize reference list entries the last name of the first author

Examples  Book, single author *In text Sproule (2012) argues, “referencing should be taught early on so that students are aware of how to use it effectively” (p. 70). *On the Reference Page it would look as follows: Sproule, S. (2012). Learning how to reference. Cloyne, ON: Upper Canada Editions.

Examples  Citing personal communication (ie: something your teacher says, an interview, a letter) * In text Most graduate students agree that professional development is a vital part of their training (personal communication, t. Wilson, November 22, 1991). * On your reference page These are not included on your reference list because they do not provide recoverable data

Example  Journal Article * In text Cells can be found in many tissues, the just cannot be seen (Snider, 2010) * Reference page Sproule, S. (2010). Cells and the Human Body. Journal of Science, 60,

 When the parenthetical citation includes two or more works, order them in the same way they appear in the reference list the author’s name, the year of publication separated by a semi-colon. Example: (Kachru, 2005; Smith, 2008)

Mix IT UP!!!!  When referencing in-text you do not just need to put the reference at the end of the of the sentence in brackets; you can ….  For example:  Sproule (2013) argues that …..  It has been state by Sproule and her colleagues (2013) that …  Hunting has been found to be a great family activity (Sproule, 2013).

How Should I keep Track?  Ideas of how to keep track of your referencing to make it easier to follow  Number articles; insert numbers in-text before final referencing  Reference as you go along  Keep reference page up-to-date as you add in a new reference  DO NOT wait until the end to go back and find the references you used.

Referencing Guide  The referencing guide is very helpful because there are SO many different situations and scenarios that you may encounter it is impossible to list them all. You are best to always check and reference this guide.

MLA  See booklets  Very similar to APA but some differences you should be aware of

Follow the Booklet  Great examples  Good for post secondary  Important for demonstrating credit for work  Could be put on academic probation for improper referencing