European Transport Workers’ Federation Training and Qualification Systems in the EU Port Sector: Setting the State of Play and Delineating an ETF Vision Limassol, February 2009 Background Document Professor Peter Turnbull Cardiff University Wales, UK

European Transport Workers’ Federation Background to the Workshop General  Lisbon Agenda  Vocational Education and Training Specific  Internal ETF debates  EU ports consultation ( )  Communication On a European Ports Policy (2007)

European Transport Workers’ Federation Concerns Related to the Training of Port Workers  Health and safety  Skills and efficiency  Attracting the next generation  Portability of qualifications

European Transport Workers’ Federation The Challenges Facing Vocational Education and Training (VET)  Labour productivity – developing and deploying labour  Decent work – material and subjective  Coordination failures – markets vs. governments

European Transport Workers’ Federation Defining the Skills Eco-System  Business setting  Structure of jobs  Level and type of skills formation  Labour supply  Predominant modes of engaging labour  Institutional and policy framework

European Transport Workers’ Federation European Terminal Portfolio of GTOs

European Transport Workers’ Federation Vertical Integration by Shipping Lines Source: Notteboom (2007)

European Transport Workers’ Federation Structure of Jobs, Level and Type of Skills Formation, and Labour Supply From … general workers, manual labour, casual employment, gang working, on-the-job training, break-bulk handling, male (ageing) workforce To … skilled/professional workers, capital- intensive, regular employment, team-working, certified (induction) training, specialised operations, new generation (men and women)

European Transport Workers’ Federation Modes of Engaging Labour  Direct employment – dedicated and specific training  Direct plus labour pool – generic and specific training  Labour pool – generic training

European Transport Workers’ Federation Institutional and Policy Framework for VET LOCUS School FranceItaly REGULATIONState Market GermanyUK Workplace

European Transport Workers’ Federation The ETF Training Survey, 2008  Eighteen unions, fourteen Member States (response rate = 52%)  Provision of training for new entrants, re- training and the acquisition of new skills, state regulation, the funding of training programmes, trade union involvement in VET, and an evaluation of the approach of different stakeholders to port worker training, health and safety

European Transport Workers’ Federation Entry to the “Profession” of Dock Work  Certified training – 57% of countries  Typically 1-3 weeks induction training  Route of entry – company vs. labour pool Source: ETF Survey 2008

European Transport Workers’ Federation Perceptions of the “Status” of Port Work (%) Source: ETF Survey 2008

European Transport Workers’ Federation Provision of Port Worker Training Source: ETF Survey 2008

European Transport Workers’ Federation Accreditation of Port Worker Training Source: ETF Survey 2008

European Transport Workers’ Federation Union Involvement in Training Joint responsibility for …  Operation/management of training centre – 50%  Review of training provision – 57%  Design of training programmes – 44%  Instruction/provision of training – 39% Source: ETF Survey 2008

European Transport Workers’ Federation Who Funds Port Worker Training?  Public sector – more than a third of respondent unions  Private operators – more than three- quarters of respondent unions  Other sources – more than a quarter of respondent unions Source: ETF Survey 2008

European Transport Workers’ Federation Provision for Updating and Extending Skills Source: ETF Survey 2008

European Transport Workers’ Federation Approaches to Port Worker Training Source: ETF Survey 2008

European Transport Workers’ Federation The Health and Safety Policy of Port Employers Source: ETF Survey 2008

European Transport Workers’ Federation Health and Safety in European Ports Source: ETF Survey 2008

European Transport Workers’ Federation Are European Ports Becoming More Dangerous and Unhealthy Places to Work?  Accidents at work –  39%,  33%  Fatalities –  33%,  33%  Short-term health problems –  28%,  17%  Long-term ailments –  17%,  11% Source: ETF Survey 2008 (data refer to previous 5 years)

European Transport Workers’ Federation Concerns About Health and Safety  Enforcement of regulations - legal base - resources - union involvement  Training - new recruits - reinforcement/mentoring - new work methods

European Transport Workers’ Federation The Next Steps …  Building on examples of good practice  Supporting the skills eco-system  Delineating an ETF vision