Where’re Clouds Headed? Indranil Gupta Department of Computer Science University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 1 Distributed Protocols Research Group:

I predict… 2 Source: Wikimedia Commons

I predict that some of our predictions will be false 3 Source: Wikimedia Commons

I predict… That users will want more predictability (pun intended) from cloud services Faster! More consistent! More predictable! – NoSQL moving back towards transactions (CAP Theorem?) SLAs (Service Level Agreements) and SLOs (Service Level Objectives) – Real-time deadlines, budget constraints, data staleness,… – Vertical scaling and Horizontal scaling, Adaptively Security – Bread and butter: Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability – Beyond: Privacy Preserving techniques Cloud is just another Thing – In the Internet of Things – Sadly, we cannot hide the cloud completely from users (we are aware of power utility companies, aren’t we?). But we can make it less intrusive. 4

Really 5 years from now… Cloud Computing is a coming back full cycle of the Data Processing Industry (back in the 1970s) – a multi-billion dollar industry – Next came the revolution of PCs (1980s) Computing eras go in cycles, and since history repeats… – Will workstations and laptops get really powerful? 1000s cores? (Used how?) – Networked how? Clusters of beefy nodes? P2P? – Will “Consolidate in” turn to “Consolidate up”? The movement towards scale up has already started – Single beefy machine has better performance/$ than COTS cluster – HP’s “The Machine”, Infiniband/SDN, RDMA (DSM?), … – Phones are becoming more powerful (and as big as pillows) – Some watches cost $17,000 5