Tuesday, December 18 Compare and Contrast Humanism and Psychoanalysis Discuss Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Card Sort Discuss Rogers Activity Key Terms and Concepts of Personality Theories Due: Wednesday, Dec. 19 (This is an OPTIONAL assignment) Ch. 14 Test: Thursday, December 13 Learning Target: Explain the characteristics of humanistic approach

Monday, December 17 Discuss the Three Levels of the Mind Discuss Freud’s Dream Theory Complete Discussion of Freud Review Key Terms and Concepts of Personality Theories Due: Wednesday, Dec. 19 (This is an OPTIONAL assignment) Ch. 14 Test: Thursday, Dec. 20 Learning Target: Explain the characteristics of the psychodynamic approach

Friday, December 14 Return Defense Mechanism Worksheets Read Cat in the Hat and analyze the characters according to Freud’s personality theory Defense Mechanism BINGO Review Learning Target: Explain the characteristics of the psychodynamic approach

Thursday, December 13 Collect Defense Mechanism Worksheet Discuss Psychosexual Stages Formative Assessment: Complete Freud Review Learning Target: Explain the characteristics of each of the psychosexual stages.

Wednesday, December 12 Discuss Defense Mechanisms Skits Defense Mechanism Worksheet: Due Thursday, December 13 (This is a MANDATORY assignment) Learning Target: Identify which defense mechanism is used in various examples

Tuesday, December 11 Return Ch. 14 Vocabulary W.S Conflict Inventory Discuss Three Parts of the Personality Psychology Playhouse Learning Target: Analyze people’s personality in terms of which part of the personality is most dominant

Monday, December 10 Collect Ch. 14 Vocabulary Worksheet (This is a MANDATORY assignment) Introduce Personality Take Personality Inventory Learning Target: Define personality and explain the characteristics of the trait approach

Chapter 14: Personality

Personality: An individual’s unique, consistent, patterned methods of behaving in relation to the environment What words are important in that definition? Unique Consistent Pattern

1) The Trait Approach Trait: a relatively enduring personal characteristic Some important trait theorists are: Gordon Allport Raymond Cattell Hans Eysenck

Orange Personality: Things that frustrate oranges: Things oranges do to frustrate others: ·        Rules and laws ·        Ignoring rules ·        Same routine ·        Being undisciplined ·        Deadlines ·        Lack of planning ·        Paperwork ·        Being quick-tempered ·        Lack of adventure ·        Thinking out loud ·        Too much structure ·        Impulse buying  

Blue Personality: Things that frustrate blues: Things blues do to frustrate others: ·        Lying ·        Lack of planning ·        Violence ·        Being passive ·        Personal rejection ·        Avoiding conflict ·        Lack of communication ·        Suppressing problems ·        Lack of close friends ·        Being too generous ·        Sarcasm ·        Being overly sentimental

Green Personality: Things that frustrate greens: Things greens do to frustrate others: ·        Routine ·        Not being sociable ·        Small-talk ·        Living in the future ·        Plagiarism ·        Being wordy ·        Illogical arguments ·        Blowing up when criticized ·        Social functions ·        Not going with the flow ·        Incompetence ·        Being too independent

Gold Personality: Things that frustrate golds: Things golds do to frustrate others: ·        Irresponsibility ·        Control freak ·        Lack of planning ·        Being bossy and controlling ·        Lack of discipline ·        Working long hours ·        Laziness ·        Being obsessive ·        High risk taking ·        Being judgmental ·        Illegal behavior ·        Planning for everything  

Differing Conflict Styles Inventory 5 styles of managing conflicts Withdrawing Forcing Smoothing Compromising Confronting

Withdrawing (The Turtle) Turtles withdraw into their shells to avoid conflicts. They give up their personal goals and relationships. They stay away from issues over which the conflict is taking place and from the persons they are in conflict with. Turtles believe it is hopeless to try and resolve a conflict, They prefer to withdraw from a conflict rather than face it.

Forcing (The Shark) Sharks try to overpower opponents by forcing them to accept their solution to the conflict. Their goals are highly important to them, and relationships are of minor importance. They seek to achieve their goals at all costs. They are not concerned with the needs of others. They do not care if others like or accept them. Sharks assume that conflicts are settled by one person winning and one person losing. They want to be the winner. Winning gives sharks a sense of pride and achievement. Losing gives them a sense of weakness, inadequacy, and failure. They try to win by attacking, overpowering, and intimidating others.

Smoothing (The Teddy Bear) To teddy bears the relationship is of great importance while their own goals are of little importance. They want to be accepted and liked by others. They think that conflict should be avoided in favor of harmony and that people cannot discuss conflicts without damaging relationships. They are afraid that if the conflict continues, someone will get hurt. They give up their goals to preserve the relationship. Teddy bears try to smooth over the conflict out of fear of harming the relationship.

Compromising (The Fox) Foxes are moderately concerned with their own goals and their relationships with others. Foxes seek a compromise: they give up part of their goals and persuade the other person in a conflict to give up part of his/her goals. They seek a conflict solution in which both sides gain something-the middle ground between two extreme positions. They are willing to sacrifice part of their goals and relationships in order to find agreement.

Confronting (The Owl) Owls highly value their own goals and relationships. They view conflicts as problems to be solved and seek a solution that achieves both their own goals and the goals of the other person. Owls see conflicts as a means of improving relationships by reducing tension between two people. They try to begin a discussion that identifies the conflict as a problem. Owls are not satisfied until a solution is found that achieves the goals of both people involved. Also, they are not satisfied until the tensions and negative feelings have been fully resolved.

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) Background Victorian Era Prim and Proper Position View on sex

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach Id, Ego, Superego (three parts of the personality)

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach Freud believed that the 3 parts of the personality overlapped and should not be separated and analyzed separately. He believed one was an outgrowth of the other. ID Ego Superego

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach Id: The part of the personality that emerges first. When we are an infant we are almost all Id Pleasure Principle: the Id is hedonistic. It seeks pleasure and avoids pain Energy Source: the Id is the major source for all psychological energy

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach Id Drives and Instincts: basic inborn needs Libido: the sex drive Aggression: Thanatos: the death instinct Eros: love for life

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach Id Primary Process: the need for immediate and instant gratification

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach Ego: the second part of the personality to emerge. It is more logical and practical than the id Reality Principle: the ego’s awareness of the external world Secondary Process: the ability to delay gratification

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach Super Ego: The sense of morality Ego Ideal: the child’s perception of what they think their parents think is morally good Conscience: the child’s perception of what they think their parents think is morally bad

Defense Mechanisms See Handout

Defense Mechanisms Definitions The Ego’s way of satisfying the id without overstepping the bounds of the superego The Ego’s unconscious attempt to defend against our anxiety

Defense Mechanisms Four aspects of all defense mechanisms They are all unconscious They all involve self-deception They all give us time to get over anxiety producing events in our life They are all normal methods of dealing with our anxiety if……

REACTION FORMATION REPRESSION *SUPPRESSION NAME OF DEFENSE MECHANISM DEFINITION EXAMPLE RATIONALIZATION Sweet Lemons Sour Grapes We give ourselves false reassurances about an anxiety producing experience in order to reduce our anxiety. What we have we love and think is great What we can’t have we tell ourselves we didn’t want anyway. REACTION FORMATION We act in a manner that is completely opposite of how we are truly feeling. REPRESSION Unconsciously blocking unpleasant or anxiety producing thoughts from consciousness. *SUPPRESSION When we consciously avoid thinking about something.

NAME OF DEFENSE MECHANISM DEFINITION EXAMPLE PROJECTION The tendency to see in others the undesirable traits and qualities that we possess. IDENTIFICATION Identifying with a group by taking on some of their behaviors. DISPLACEMENT Taking our anxiety out on other, safer objects. SUBLIMATION We find socially acceptable ways to fulfill socially unacceptable urges. REGRESSION Returning to earlier modes of dealing with anxiety.

FANTASY/ DREAMS/ ESCAPE UNDOING COMPENSATION DENIAL Avoiding anxiety by escaping into a fantasy/dream world UNDOING Reducing anxiety by making amends for unethical thoughts or deeds. COMPENSATION We pursue success in one area to reduce our anxiety about our failure in another. DENIAL Defending against anxiety-producing realities by failing to perceive or recognize them.

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach Stages of Development: Freud believed that an individual develops through a series of five Psychosexual Stages. Each of these stages was associated with the part of the body that gave the individual the most pleasure at that time.

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach Oral Stage (Birth – 18 months) Pleasure comes from the mouth—sucking, biting, chewing

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach Anal Stage (18 months-3 years old): Pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder function; the child must cope with demands for control

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach Fixation: Being stuck in a psychosexual stages. Fixation can occur because of either too much or too little pleasure in a stage.

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach Anal Retentive: The anal retentive person is neat, orderly, organized, and overly concerned with CONTROL This is caused by too strict of toilet training resulting in a lack of pleasure Anal Expulsive: The anal expulsive person is messy, disorganized, It is caused by too lax toilet training resulting in too much pleasure

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach Phallic Stage (3-6 years): The pleasure zone is the genitals; the child must cope with incestuous feelings

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach Oedipus Complex: A pattern described by Freud in which a boy has sexual desire for his mother and wants to eliminate his father’s competition for her attention

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach Latency Stage (6 years old-puberty): During this stage sexual impulses stay in the background as the child focuses on education, same-sex peer play, and the development of social skills

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach Genital Stage (Puberty- ) It is during this stages that sexual impulses appear at the conscious level

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach Three Levels of the Mind

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach Conscious: All our thoughts and perceptions of which we are currently aware

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach Preconscious: A level of mental activity that is not currently conscious but of which we can easily become conscious Examples: memories, stored knowledge

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach Unconscious: Region of the mind that is a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, desires, feelings, and painful memories Examples: immoral urges, violent motives, shameful experiences, selfish needs, fears, drives, etc.

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach Freud’s Dream Theory Why do we dream? We dream to fulfill unconscious, socially unacceptable urges What’s the problem with dreaming openly? If we dreamed openly we would have the same anxiety and embarrassment as we would if we consciously thought about it

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach How do we disguise our dreams? Symbols: Something that stands for something else http://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/learning_modules/psychology/02.TU.04/?section=13 Displacement: When we shift our attention away from the true meaning of the dream onto a seemingly insignificant part

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach Two types of dream content Manifest Content: The part of the dream we can recall. The plot line of the dream. The surface/literal meaning of the dream Latent Content: The true hidden meaning of the dream, which can only be discovered through dream interpretation and by analyzing the symbols and stripping away the displacement

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach Neo-Freudians: Followers of Freud who kept the main points of his theory but proposed changes. Some noted Neo-Freudians are: Carl Jung Alfred Adler Karen Horney Erik Erikson

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach Carl Jung (Analytical Psychology): He agreed with Freud about the importance of early childhood experiences and the role of the unconscious. However, he was less pessimistic than Freud and more spiritual

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach Personal Unconscious: Like Freud’s unconscious, it is unique to each of us and contains our repressed memories, our drives and instincts, etc. Collective Unconscious: Our inherited, dim memory of our inherited ancestral past We basically all have the same collective unconscious

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach Introvert: An introvert is a person whose thoughts and feelings are directed inward. He/she withdraws interest from external world and typically spends little time interacting with others Extrovert: An extrovert is an outgoing individual who wants to interact with others and stay in touch with events in the outside world. They are out-going, sociable, and excitement-seeking

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach Alfred Adler (Individual Psychology): Feelings of Inferiority Inferiority Complex

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach Karen Horney: Objected to the male bias in Freud’s theory Basic Anxiety: Basic Hostility:

2) The Psychoanalytic Approach Erik Erikson vs. Freud

3) Humanistic Approach Humanism vs. Psychoanalysis Optimistic Non-mechanistic Here-and-now

3) Humanistic Approach Maslow’s Humanistic Psychology If you want a healthy psychology, study healthy people. If you want a sick psychology, study sick people

3) Humanistic Approach Deficiency Orientation: A preoccupation with a perceived need for material things. People coming to perceive life as disappointing and boring

3) Humanistic Approach Growth Orientation: People with a growth orientation do not focus on what is missing, instead they are satisfied with what they have, are, and can do

3) Humanistic Approach

3) Humanistic Approach Characteristics of a Self-Actualized Person Accepting of self & reality Spontaneous Creative Has quality relationships Lives in the moment Takes calculated risks

“Becoming all you can be” Food Shelter Water Clothing Sleep Protection Law & Order Limits Stability Financial Security Family Affection Relationships Work Groups Teams Achievement Status Responsibility Reputation Confidence Personal Growth Fulfillment Self-sufficiency Authenticity “Becoming all you can be”

3) Humanistic Approach Roger’s Self Theory Fully Functioning Person (FFP): A person has an innate tendency toward realizing his/her potentialities

3) Humanistic Approach Self-Concept: The way one thinks about oneself Congruence

3) Humanistic Approach Unconditional Positive Love/Regard: a child will develop a positive self-concept if parents and authority figures provide acceptance of the child regardless of his/her actions Conditions of Worth: judgments about the kinds of behaviors that will bring approval from others