Personality Theory

HOW does a personality develop? Within your group – identify a few personality traits Discuss ways in which a person might develop these traits Make a list on the blank paper provided

Trait Theories Gordon Allport – lexical approach 4,500 traits Raymond Cattell – factor analysis 16 personality “factors” Costa & McCrae – five-factor model 5 traits

O peness Imaginative or practical Interested in variety or routine Independent or conforming C onscientiousness Organized or disorganized Careful or careless Disciplined or impulsive E xtraversion Sociable or retiring Fun-loving or somber Affectionate or reserved A greeableness Softhearted or ruthless Trusting or suspicious Helpful or uncooperative N euroticism Calm or anxious Secure or insecure Self- satisfied or self-pitying “Big 5” Factors

Personality Theory Psychodynamic Perspective

Sigmund Freud

Carl Jung

Alfred Adler

Karen Horney

Discuss your Erik Erikson “predictions” with a partner… Be prepared to discuss or share with the class

Erik Erikson

Personality Theory Humanistic Perspective

Conditions of Worth

Personality Theory Behaviorist Perspective

An individuals personality is a collection of response tendencies Consistent patterns of behavior acquired through experience Personality is not permanent May change based on new experiences How are response tendencies formed?? Operant conditioning processes

Personality Theory Social-Cognitive Approach

Reciprocal Determinism Albert Bandura Aspects of social learning: Attention Retention Motor reproduction Reinforcement

Julian Rotter

Walter Mischel CAPS – cognitive affective processing systems Thoughts and emotions about oneself and the world determine behavior

Personality and the Brain

Reticular Activation System located in brain stem – regulates alertness “Optimum level of arousal” Extraverts under stimulated Introverts over stimulated Three main traits Extroversion, Neuroticism, Psychoticism Hans Eysenck

Behavioral Activation System Seek positive consequences & rewards Positive emotion High extraversion Behavioral Inhibition System Avoid negative consequences & punishment Negative emotion High neuroticism Jeffrey Gray: Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory