CHAPTER TEN Personality Disorders. Clinical Features of Personality Disorders Personality disorders Chronic interpersonal difficulties Problems with identity.

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Presentation transcript:

CHAPTER TEN Personality Disorders

Clinical Features of Personality Disorders Personality disorders Chronic interpersonal difficulties Problems with identity or sense of self © 2014, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Clinical Features of Personality Disorders DSM criteria include enduring behavior pattern Pervasive and inflexible Stable and of long duration Clinically significant distress or impairment in functioning © 2014, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Clinical Features of Personality Disorders Prevalence Ranges from 4.4% to 14.8% About 75% comorbidity © 2014, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Difficulties in Diagnosing Personality Disorders Diagnostic criteria not sharply defined Diagnostic categories not mutually exclusive © 2014, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Difficulties in Diagnosing Personality Disorders PDs may represent extreme levels of normal personality traits Histrionic Dependent Obsessive-compulsive © 2014, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Difficulties in Studying the Causes of Personality Disorders Limited research on causal factors Less amenability to thorough study Retrospective approaches © 2014, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Classifying Personality Disorders Cluster A are people who are perceived as odd or eccentric Includes paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders

Classifying Personality Disorders Cluster B are people whose behavior is overly dramatic, emotional, or erratic –Includes antisocial, borderline, histrionic and narcissistic personality disorders

Classifying Personality Disorders Cluster C are people who often appear anxious or fearful Includes avoidant, dependent, and obsessive- compulsive personality disorders

Paranoid Personality Disorder (Cluster A) © 2014, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Schizoid Personality Disorder (Cluster A) © 2014, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Schizotypal Personality Disorder (Cluster A) © 2014, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Histrionic Personality Disorder (Cluster B) © 2014, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Narcissistic Personality Disorder (Cluster B) © 2014, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Antisocial Personality Disorder (Cluster B) © 2014, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

The Clinical Picture in Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder Inadequate conscience development Irresponsible and impulsive behavior Ability to impress and exploit others © 2014, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Causal Factors in Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Causal factors Genetic influences Low levels of fear; poor conditioning of fear More general emotional deficits Early parental loss Parental rejection Inconsistent discipline © 2014, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 10.4: Family Context and Antisocial Behavior © 2014, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Treatments and Outcomes in Psychopathic and Antisocial Personality Cognitive-behavioral treatments offer some promise Treatment of psychopaths is difficult © 2014, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Borderline Personality Disorder (Cluster B) © 2014, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 10.1: Multidimensional Diathesis-Stress Theory of Borderline Personality Disorder © 2014, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Avoidant Personality Disorder (Cluster C) © 2014, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Dependent Personality Disorder (Cluster C) © 2014, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (Cluster C) © 2014, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Treatments and Outcomes for Personality Disorders Difficulties Clients resistance to change Relationships formation challenges © 2014, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Treating Borderline Personality Disorder Antidepressant medications (SSRIs) Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) © 2014, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

Treating Other Personality Disorders Few controlled studies of treatment Antipsychotic or antidepressant medication Schizotypal PD Cognitive-behavioral treatment and antidepressant medication Avoidant PD © 2014, 2013, 2010 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.