When does American History Start?

When do you think American History Began?? You will need to construct an opinion of when you think American History began Paragraph (5-7 sentences) Include who you think is responsible for the discovery, why you think they are, how did you come to this conclusion, etc.

When does American History Start? Agree or Disagree When people came across the land bridge during the Ice Age 10,000 years ago? When Christopher Columbus came in 1492? When Jamestown was settled in 1607? When the Declaration of Independence was written 1776 When the American Revolutionary War was over 1782?

For our Purposes Pre-Columbus Europeans did not bring civilization to the Americas it was already here Therefore, American History begins prior to European Arrival

How did the first nations get here???? One Theory Migrated from Asia across the land bridge during the Ice Age 10,000 years ago Land bridge was 1000s of miles wide connecting Siberia to Alaska Another Theory Water may have dropped so much between Alaska/British Columbia and Siberia prior to the Ice Age that people could have walked across

Nomadic People In either case, the first groups were Nomads Followed food source Originate in Southeast Asia and Siberia (genetic testing)

Climate Changes Ice Age ends 10,000 years ago After generations of nomadic tribes are located all over North, Central and South America Focus less on animals as only food source and begin to gather plants Change from NOMADIC to HUNTER and GATHERERS

HUNTERS and GATHERERS Gender division of Labor Begin to understand the plants and begin to garden HUNTERS and GATHERERS advance into HORTICULTURAL – means gardeners

HORTICULTURAL SOCIETIES Gender Division of Labor Hunt Garden Permanent Villages HORTICULTURAL then advance into AGRICULTURAL societies establish Civilizations

WHERE YOU LIVE DETERMINES WHAT IS IMPORTANT TO YOU. What do early civilizations all have in common? How is one determined to be civilized?

Example 1: Mesopotamia “ The Land between the Rivers" Southwest Asia. Southwest Asia Strictly speaking, it is the alluvial plain lying between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, near Iraq and Syriaalluvial plainTigris EuphratesIraq Syria

Example 2: Indus Civilization The Indus Valley Civilization 2800 BC–1800 BC, 2800 BC1800 BC Indus River and the Ghaggar-Hakra river Indus RiverGhaggarHakra Now Pakistan and western IndiaPakistanIndia

Example 3: China Civilizations China is one of the world's oldest continuous major civilizations, Chinacivilizations with written records dating back at least 3,500 years, and with 5,000 years dynasties

Example 4: Egypt Lower Nile Valley, between the First Cataract and the mouths of the Nile Delta,Nile Valley First CataractNile Delta 3300 BC until the conquest of Alexander the Great in 332 BC BC Alexander the Great332 BC As a civilization based on irrigation, it is the quintessential example of a hydraulic empire.irrigation hydraulic empire

Example 5: Native Americans The Bering Strait Land Bridge Theory Native Americans descend from people who migrated from Siberia across the Bering Strait, between 17,000–11,000 years ago.migratedSiberiaBering Strait The exact route is still a matter of controversy

Terms: What is the difference between Migrate and Immigrate? Migrate=Movement of a large number of people into a certain area/homeland Immigrate= the act of moving or settling into a different country or region temporarily or for good

Bering Land Bridge Theory Occurred 26,000 to 11,000 years ago26,00011,000 years ago Followed an inland route through Alaska and Canada that had just been freed of its ice cover. Growing evidence of human presence in Brazil and Chile 11,500 years ago or earlierBrazilChile

Earlier than the Land Bridge May have crossed the land bridge several millennia earlier and followed a coastal route, thus avoiding the ice- covered interior. May have been seafaring people who moved along the coast, a theory disputed due to lack of seafaring skills of this time period. Some sites in South America prior to the previously assumed date of 12– 14,000 years ago.

Other Ideas either by sailing across the Pacific Ocean or by following the land route through Beringia at a much earlier date.Pacific OceanBeringia this theory claim that the oldest human remains in South America and in Baja California show distinctive non-Siberian traits, resembling those of Australian Aborigines or the Negritos of the Andaman Islands.Baja CaliforniaAustralian AboriginesNegritos Andaman Islands

For Our Purposes consider the genetic and cultural evidence for a primarily Siberian origin overwhelming. at least three separate migrations from Siberia to the Americas are highly likely to have occurred

1 st wave Nomads followed mammoths, horses, giant sloths, and woolly rhinoceroses.mammothshorses giant slothswoolly rhinoceroses The Clovis culture would be a manifestation of that migration, and the Folsom culture, based on the hunting of bison, would have developed from it.Clovis cultureFolsom culturebison spread over the entire hemisphere, reached the New World no later than 11,000 years ago.

2 nd wave ancestors of the Na-DeneNa-Dene Alaska and western Canada AlaskaCanada migrated as far south as the Pacific Northwestern U.S.U.S. and the American SouthwestAmerican Southwest ancestral to the Dene,Dene ApachesApaches and Navajos.Navajos believed to have come 6,000 to 8,000 years ago.

3 rd wave ancestors of the Eskimos and the Aleuts.Eskimos Aleuts may have come by sea over the Bering Strait, after the land bridge had disappeared. believed to have reached Alaska as early as 3,000 years ago.Alaska

So, based off what we know.. What civilizations were in North America prior to European arrival? What made them civilizations? Assignment: Read through Chapter 1: Section 3. Create a chart of the civilizations that once lived in America. Describe what made them a civilization.

Additional Information: For the rest of the hour you will be working in pairs reading Chapter 1: Section 2. While you read, you will be needing to complete the GUIDED READING: Cause and Effect chart on page 16. You may also add information that you may feel will better help your understanding of section 1

resources R. David Edmunds, University of Texas-Dallas Wikipedia raw/earth/america.jpg radio.boisestate.edu/.../ mammoth/journey.html turkey_mesopotamia.gif turkey_mesopotamia.gif library.thinkquest.org/ 11922/extinct/mammoth.htm chapter_1/001_002_1.05.jpg island/aleut3a.j ace.acadiau.ca/.../ website%20images/Dene.1.jpg