Chapter 15: Pp

Allowed Maine to join the Union as a free state and Missouri to join as a slave state Banned slavery north of 36 30’ N latitude Preserved the balance between the slave and free states in the Senate

Proposed by Henry Clay 3 Parts California becomes a free state, while the rest of the new territories would have no limits on slavery Slave trade, but not slavery itself is banned in Washington, D.C. Stronger fugitive slave law

1850 Proposed by Henry Clay Required all citizens to help catch runaway slaves Anyone who aided a fugitive slave could be fined or imprisoned

Effects Slaveholders tried to capture runaways who had lived in freedom for years Tried to seize free African Americans and force them into slavery The Fugitive Slave Act convinced the North of the evils of slavery

Some Northerners refused to cooperate Henry David Thoreau: “Civil Disobedience” Antislavery groups tried to rescue African Americans being pursued by slaveholders Some Northern juries refused to convict those accused of violating the Fugitive Slave Act

Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 Allow each territory to vote on whether to allow slavery Popular sovereignty: Allowing the people to decide Pro-slavery and antislavery groups rushed into Kansas to swing the election Pro-slavery legislature was elected Antislavery people refused to accept proslavery laws Formed their own state government

1856: 800 slavery supporters attacked the town of Lawrence John Brown Abolitionist who believed God chose him to end slavery Led a group and killed 5 slavery supporters Armed bands roamed the territory Newspapers called the territory “Bleeding Kansas” Federal troops were sent in to stop the fighting

1854 Antislavery Whigs and Democrats joined with Free-Soilers to create the Republican Party Main Message: Government should ban slavery from new territories The Republican Party had strong support in the North and almost no support in the South

Dred Scott Enslaved African bought in Missouri by an army doctor Doctor moved in Illinois (free state) and then to the Wisconsin Territory (free) Family returned to Missouri In 1846, Scott sued for his freedom Claimed he should be free because he had once lived in areas of the North where slavery was prohibited 11 years later, the case reached the Supreme Court

Supreme Court Decision Dred Scott was not a free person Congress had no authority to prohibit slavery in any territory Banning slavery was unconstitutional, as was popular sovereignty Overall, the Supreme Court decided that the Constitution protected slavery The Dred Scott decision divided the nation even more The Court had supported the South’s argument Republicans and antislavery groups called the decision “a wicked and false judgment” and “the greatest crime” ever committed in the nation’s courts

John Brown led a raid on the federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia Arsenal: Storage site for weapons Brown wanted to arm enslaved Africans and start a revolt Abolitionists paid for the raid Brown’s raid was defeated and he was hanged Brown’s abolitionist ties confirmed Southerners’ fears of a great Northern conspiracy against them

The Election of 1860 Lincoln wins clear majority Lincoln’s name did not appear on many Southern ballots Abraham Lincoln had promised not to abolish slavery where it already existed, but it should be excluded from the territories Many Southerners did not trust the Republican Party (or Lincoln) to protect their rights

December 20, 1860 South Carolina votes to secede from the Union The Confederacy February, 1861: Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, and Georgia had seceded Confederate States of America Jefferson Davis- President

U.S. fort in Charleston Harbor April 12, Confederate forces open fire and capture the fort Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas join the Confederacy

1. Name the 5 causes of the Civil War 2. What did the Fugitive Slave Act require? What did it show Northerners? How did Northerners fight the Fugitive Slave Act? 3. What was the Republican Party’s main message? 4. Describe the Dred Scott Case and the decision made by the Supreme Court. 5. Why did Southerners dislike Abraham Lincoln? 6. What state was the first to secede from the Union? When did this state secede? 7. Name the states of the Confederacy. 8. Who was the President of the Confederate States of America?