Communication Techniques Design Team 2 Luke LaPointe Nick Timpf Mark VanCamp Brent Woodman Steve Zuraski Design Team 2 Luke LaPointe Nick Timpf Mark VanCamp Brent Woodman Steve Zuraski

Parallel Communication Simultaneous data bit transfer Parallel Communication Simultaneous data bit transfer tor_End.jpg

Characteristics of Parallel Parallel Communication Clock – Indicates if data is valid Crosstalk – EMI Clock Skew – Transfer Speed – Distance limited Other Signals – Handshaking – Directional Control Parallel Communication Clock – Indicates if data is valid Crosstalk – EMI Clock Skew – Transfer Speed – Distance limited Other Signals – Handshaking – Directional Control

Parallel ATA Parallel Communication Parallel ATA ( PATA ) – Former Standard data storage connection Hard disks, Solid State Drives, CD ROM – Max. cable length of 18 inches Clock Skewing Parallel Communication Parallel ATA ( PATA ) – Former Standard data storage connection Hard disks, Solid State Drives, CD ROM – Max. cable length of 18 inches Clock Skewing

Parallel Front Side Bus Parallel Communication Front Side Bus ( FSB ) … – Link between CPU and Memory controller – Low cost –Allows multi-core processing Parallel Communication Front Side Bus ( FSB ) … – Link between CPU and Memory controller – Low cost –Allows multi-core processing

Parallel Front Side Bus Parallel Communication Front Side Bus ( FSB ) –Max throughput Width (Bytes) * CLK Freq * Transfers per CLK Cycle 32 bits ( 4 Bytes) * 200MHz * 2 xfers per cycle = 1600 MB/s – Fading Technology Parallel Communication Front Side Bus ( FSB ) –Max throughput Width (Bytes) * CLK Freq * Transfers per CLK Cycle 32 bits ( 4 Bytes) * 200MHz * 2 xfers per cycle = 1600 MB/s – Fading Technology Transfer rate [MB/s] Frequency [MHz]CPU Dec-40Intel Intel Intel Pentium Intel Celeron Intel Pentium III AMD Athlon XP Intel Pentium Intel Pentium M VIA C Intel Core 2

Parallel IEEE-488 Bus Parallel Communication Laboratory Instrumentation Bus IEEE-488 Short-Range Been in use for over 30 years: Designed late 1960s Commonly known as HP-IB Daisy Chain Connections Employs 16 signal lines: –8 bi-directional used for data transfer –3 for handshake –5 for bus management Parallel Communication Laboratory Instrumentation Bus IEEE-488 Short-Range Been in use for over 30 years: Designed late 1960s Commonly known as HP-IB Daisy Chain Connections Employs 16 signal lines: –8 bi-directional used for data transfer –3 for handshake –5 for bus management

Parallel Considerations Parallel Communication Three Criteria when Choosing Parallel 1.Speed – Bit Rate and Skew 2.Cable Length – Crosstalk 3.Complexity – Simple −Requires only a latch to copy data to the data bus Parallel Communication Three Criteria when Choosing Parallel 1.Speed – Bit Rate and Skew 2.Cable Length – Crosstalk 3.Complexity – Simple −Requires only a latch to copy data to the data bus

New Parallel use in RF Parallel Communication Use of Parallel Communication in RF Communication –In place of Morse Code (one bit at a time) –Multi-input Multi-output –Groups of Bits Called “Symbols” –Recent Techniques such as DVB-T have transmitted over 6048 bits in parallel. Parallel Communication Use of Parallel Communication in RF Communication –In place of Morse Code (one bit at a time) –Multi-input Multi-output –Groups of Bits Called “Symbols” –Recent Techniques such as DVB-T have transmitted over 6048 bits in parallel.

Serial Communication Overview The process of sending data one bit at a time sequentially over a communication channel. Overview The process of sending data one bit at a time sequentially over a communication channel.

Why use serial? Benefits Ideal over long distances –Much cheaper than Parallel Can Operate at a faster frequency than parallel Synchronization Difficulties Reduced –Less wires to worry about Benefits Ideal over long distances –Much cheaper than Parallel Can Operate at a faster frequency than parallel Synchronization Difficulties Reduced –Less wires to worry about

Purpose for Synchronization Synchronization must be established for data transfer to occur. tor_End.jpg

Two Basic Types Synchronous Regulated by an external clock –Requires an extra wire for clock signal Asynchronous Regulated by special signals along transmission lines Synchronous Regulated by an external clock –Requires an extra wire for clock signal Asynchronous Regulated by special signals along transmission lines tor_End.jpg

Synchronous Utilizes two different signals on separate lines –First signal is clock signal that is shared between the two devices –Second signal carries the data Utilizes two different signals on separate lines –First signal is clock signal that is shared between the two devices –Second signal carries the data

Asynchronous Signals are specified by predetermined data transfer protocols. Preset frequency between devices –Signaling sequence specifying beginning and ending of signal Frequency set at beginning of transfer –Signaling sequence specifies beginning and ending of signal as well as transfer rate Signals are specified by predetermined data transfer protocols. Preset frequency between devices –Signaling sequence specifying beginning and ending of signal Frequency set at beginning of transfer –Signaling sequence specifies beginning and ending of signal as well as transfer rate

Serial Communication

Benefits Ideal over long distances –Much cheaper than Parallel / Less wires Benefits Ideal over long distances –Much cheaper than Parallel / Less wires

Serial Communication Universal Serial Bus ( USB ) Luke LaPointe Nick Timpf Universal Serial Bus ( USB ) Luke LaPointe Nick Timpf

Serial Communication Universal Serial Bus ( USB ) Luke LaPointe Nick Timpf Universal Serial Bus ( USB ) Luke LaPointe Nick Timpf

Serial Communication RS-232 Luke LaPointe Nick Timpf RS-232 Luke LaPointe Nick Timpf

Serial Communication Bluetooth Luke LaPointe Nick Timpf Bluetooth Luke LaPointe Nick Timpf

Serial Communication ( Wi-Fi ) Operating Frequency Throughput Net Bit Rate Gross Bit Rate Distance ( Wi-Fi ) Operating Frequency Throughput Net Bit Rate Gross Bit Rate Distance

Serial Communication USB Luke LaPointe Nick Timpf USB Luke LaPointe Nick Timpf