ASADI Conference 2010 “Improving Access to Energy in Sub- Saharan Africa” November 2010 ASADI Conference 2010 “Improving Access to Energy in Sub- Saharan Africa” November 2010 Overcoming Energy Access Challenges in Resource-Constrained Countries: The Case of Mozambique.

Presentation Outline Introduction; Overview of Energy Situation in Sub- Saharan Africa Energy Situation in Mozambique; Key Challenges; The Role of Institutions; Endnote.

Part 1 Introduction

Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa About one-fifth of the world's population is affected by poverty (living on less than $1 a day); Rural poverty accounts for nearly 63 percent of poverty worldwide, reaching between 65 and 90 percent in sub- Saharan Africa.

The Millennium Development Goals The universally adopted framework for combating poverty and promoting development

Energy and the MDGs While there is no MDG specifically on energy, access to energy services is a prerequisite to the achievement of the eight MDGs.

Part 2 Review of Energy Situation in Sub-Saharan Africa

Access to Electricity Rural and urban access to electricity in developing countries Developing countries Latin America & Caribbean China & Eastern Asia South Asia Northern Africa Middle East Sub-Saharan Africa Percentage access Rural Urban

Energy Use Per capita energy use by world region

Fuel Consumption Fuel consumption by region

Energy Potential Energy Potential Huge resources of both conventional (oil, gas, coal) and renewable energy resources (solar, wind, geothermic, oceans, etc.).

Part 3 Energy Situation in Mozambique

Energy Poverty The 2010 Energy Development Index

Grid Coverage Increase from 8.2% to 14% from 2006 to 2009; Expected to increase to 20% by 2020; Grid energy comes mainly from hydro; Isolated grids based on diesel in some towns; Soon grid will incorporate coal and natural gas.

Biomass Use Biomass Use Shares about 80% of energy consumed in the country; Peri-urban areas use around 60% of biomass.

Domestic Energy Mostly sourced from biomass (open fires still the most common way of cooking); Kerosene for lighting only.

Prices versus biomass consumption The poor are paying higher prices of energy

Rural Social Infrastructures and Villages The Government has been promoting electrification mainly via photovoltaics;

Part 3 Key Challenges for Overcoming Energy Access

Influencing Policy Formulation The importance of energy is not well reflected in the different policy documents for development and poverty reduction.

Promoting Transition from Traditional Energies to Modern Ones Complementarity of energy sources

Contributing for a more Efficient Grid Promoting use of more efficient appliances; Integration of renewable energy passive and active designs.

Reducing Biomass Consumption in Peri Urban Households Could reduce their consumption of traditional biomass by using electricity, gas or kerosene for cooking.

Extending Electricity Coverage and Productive Uses of Energy to Rural Areas Promoting more renewable energy technologies

Promoting Local Grids based on Renewables The technology of hybris systems is becoming mature.

Bringing more Potable Water to the People Integrating more renewable energies.

Bringing Some Electricity to the Rural Poor Promoting use of pico Systems, where appropriate.

Part 4 The Role of Institutions

Government Creation of enabling environment: –awareness raising; –mapping of resources; –Demonstrations; – education; – etc.

Private Sector and NGOs Dissemination of technologies and products; Working with communities.

Academies of Science Awareness raising; Promoting research; Influencing policy formulation; Capacity building; Facilitation of networking of scientists.

Part 5 Endnote

Transition from traditional energies to modern ones is the main target to be achieved for improving access to energy. By a concerted action among the different actors at national and regional levels the goal can be achieved. Academies of science have a significant role to play, particularly in mobilising international and regional expertise. THANK YOU VERY MUCH!