Rain Forest  Recall Stratification

Niche Occupation  Two factors create enormous biodiversity in animal species. Stratification Diversity of tree species.

Rain Forest  Conditions vary at each forest level.  Different communities evolve to occupy each habitat.

Birds of Paradise  mZy_NE&index=2&list=PLE8BC78E237 81DCA1 mZy_NE&index=2&list=PLE8BC78E237 81DCA1

Deciduous Forests Stratification also exists within deciduous forests, Less tree biodiversity than found in rain forests.

Forest Floor  Decaying leaves provide a deep, rich layer of soil.  Insects and other invertebrates live in the soil and debris, feeding on abundant organic matter

Deciduous Forests  Winter Adaptations Migration ○ Many birds fly south to find warmer temperatures and food Hibernation ○ Some mammals reduce their metabolic activity so that they do not need as much food for energy.

Winter Adaptations in Deciduous Forests

Coniferous Forests  Adaptations Hibernation Burrowers Thick body hair  Recall: Snow acts as an insulator

Coniferous Forests Some animals thrive in the winter conditions.

Tundra  caribou Body hair traps air that acts as insulator. migrate during the winter in search of food and water  Wolves Take advantage of caribou movement patterns prey on burrowers. ○ Lemmings ○ mice ○ hares

Camouflage

Deserts  Recall: water is very limited.

Desert Reptiles  Have thick, scaly skin that prevents water loss

Desert Amphibians  Burrow in ground and sleep through the dry season.

Invertebrates

Nocturnal Behavior Active at night ○ Hunting/feeding at night avoids the daytime heat.

Temperate Grasslands  Steppes  Prairies

Adaptations  During colder months, some animals hibernate in search of food and warmer temperatures.  During warmer months, large herbivores are supported by the abundant grasses.  Many smaller animals burrow to avoid fires and extreme temperatures throughout the year.

Prairie Dog Towns

Bison

Tropical Grasslands AKA Savanna  Animal populations concentrate around streams and watering holes. Recall: streams and watering holes are sources of water and more vegetation.  vertical feeding patterns: Animals eat vegetation at different heights to avoid competition for limited resources.

Vertical Feeding Pattern

More Adaptations  Many animals, such as zebras, migrate long distances in search of water.  Predators follow their migration patterns.