Cell Cycle Vocabulary and Notes Biology

Centrioles – one of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope. Chromatid – one of two identical “sister” parts of a replicated chromosome.

Centromere – area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached. Spindle fiber – fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate the chromosomes during mitosis.

Sister chromatids – the two parts that make up replicated chromome, which are connected at the centromere Daughter cells –the two new cells produced at the end of cytokinesis

Diploid – term used to refer to a cell that contians both sets of homologous chromosomes Centrosome – the area where the centrioles are located during mitosis

Link to cell cycle animation http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__how_the_cell_cycle_works.html

Stages of the Cell Cycle Interphase (longest part of the cell cycle) G1 (Growth 1) S (Synthesis) - DNA copies G2 (Growth 2) - cell prepares for division M (cell division) – includes mitosis and cytokinesis

Interphase (technically not part of mitosis, but it is included in the cell cycle) Cell is in a resting phase, performing cell functions DNA replicates (copies) Organelles double in number, to prepare for division

Mitosis nuclear division, number of chromosomes remains the same

Phases of Mitosis Prophase Spindle forms Centrioles move to opposite poles Chromosomes become visible

Metaphase Chromosomes line up along the equator

Anaphase Centromeres divide Chromatids separate and move to opposite poles

Telophase Nuclear membrane forms around each group of chromosomes Chromosomes unwind Cytokinesis begins

Cytokinesis The process by which the cytoplasm divides and one cell becomes two individual cells. The process is different in plants and animals

Cell Cycle animation