St. Augustine 4 th Grade Humanities April 2012

St. Augustine Spanish explorers came to Florida Columbus – 1 st voyage – 1492 Ponce de León – 1513 Narváez – 1528 de Soto – 1539 – 1542 Vocabulary: expedition – a journey made for a special purpose colony – a settlement of people set up by one country in another land

St. Augustine Why did they come to Florida? silk spices other goods from Asia

St. Augustine Columbus 1492 Queen of Spain – 3 ships Bahamas

St. Augustine Juan Ponce de León 1513 led 1 st European expedition to what is now Florida claimed land for Spain named it La Florida – place of flowers came back in 1521 to start a colony

St. Augustine Juan Ponce de León came back in 1521 to start a colony Calusa attacked the Spaniards Ponce de León was wounded colonists turned back

St. Augustine Fountain of Youth legend or “old story” said to be found in St. Augustine “People who drank from the fountain would stay young forever.”

St. Augustine Pánfilo de Narváez 1527 arrived in Western Florida demanded to know where the gold was Native Americans tricked him & directed them to head north They sailed across Gulf of Mexico toward Texas Narváez and others drowned in a storm

St. Augustine Alvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca was part of the Narváez expedition survived the storm was enslaved by Native Americans in Texas He & three others escaped These 4 went on to explore much of the Southwest wrote fascinating account of his experiences

St. Augustine Hernando de Soto 1539 landed in Tampa Bay brought more than 600 people brought horses, pigs, weapons and supplies his group marched north, searching for gold After several months without success, they left FL & went north (never to return).

St. Augustine Spanish had 2 MAIN GOALS: find gold & silver persuade the Natives to follow the Roman Catholic religion Spanish king had ordered explorers to treat the natives kindly However, de Soto disregarded the king & mistreated the Natives Because of de Soto’s, Narváez’s & others’ cruelty, Native Americans often fought the Spaniards

St. Augustine Native American groups that fought back: Timucua – fought when threatened Apalachee – powerful warriors who defended their lands Calusa – attacked Spaniards Indians – spears and arrows Spanish – armor and cannons

St. Augustine Death on both sides caused by: Explorers: destroyed whole villages took food & supplies for their armies spread diseases (smallpox & measles)

St. Augustine Juan Ponce de León born in northern Spain 18 yrs. old – joined 2 nd voyage of Columbus 1508 – explored & conquered Puerto Rico (used to be called the island of San Juan)

St. Augustine Juan Ponce de León King of Spain called on him to explore “island” north of Cuba 1513 – founded & claimed La Florida He returned to FL to start a colony, but attempt failed Seriously wounded in battle against the Calusa (& later died)

St. Augustine Jean Ribault 1562 – set sail from France to FL Landed on small island in the St. John’s River They built a 5-sided marker with a bronze shield

St. Augustine Jean Ribault 1 st received friendly welcome from Timucua and their chief, Saturiba Timucua offered corn, beans, fish, & cucumbers French offered fine blue gowns

St. Augustine FRENCH TRY TO COLONIZE René Laudonnière Sailed with Ribault on 1 st expedition 1564 – 300 French colonists built Fort Caroline (near Jax) has tall arched entrance threatened by Spain’s king

St. Augustine SPAIN DRIVES OUT FRANCE Pedro Menéndez de Avilés Sailed south of Fort Caroline, and then marched his troops north for surprise attack Laudonniére & Le Moyne escaped Ribault & his remaining troops were put to death in an inlet later named Matanzas (meaning “death”)

St. Augustine SETTLEMENT OF ST. AUGUSTINE FOUNDED Pedro Menéndez de Avilés drove French out of Florida in 1565 Founding Day happened to be feast day of St. Augustine Became the 1 st permanent European settlement of of what today is the United States

St. Augustine SETTLEMENT OF ST. AUGUSTINE FOUNDED Pedro Menéndez de Avilés became the governor (leader) at first, had good relations with Timucua After Spanish treated Timucua cruelly, Timucua attacked the settlement 1586 – Sir Francis Drake & English sailors set fire to city & destroyed it

St. Augustine SETTLEMENT OF ST. AUGUSTINE SUFFERS --over next 80 yrs… hurricanes floods another fire 1672 – Spanish built sturdier fort – Castillo de San Marcos

St. Augustine Castillo de San Marcos took more than 20 yrs. to build guarded the route of Spanish treasure ships that sailed along the coast

St. Augustine The Missions: a church and settlement where religion is taught priests were among settlers who came to FL worked to convert Native Americans to Christianity first mission was started near St. Augustine

St. Augustine The Missions priests started more than 100 missions in Florida Bishop Calderón from Cuba wrote a detailed record (used by archeologists later to study Native American way of life) Many Timucua & Apalachee accepted Christianity & adopted European ways of life 1706 – FL mission system ends (most were destroyed during conflicts with the English)

St. Augustine Effects of Spanish Rule many places have Spanish names some cities have their roots in Spanish colonies some missions & forts have been restored

St. Augustine Effects of Spanish Rule Native American population greatly decreased fighting & disease (no natural defenses in their bodies) were main causes number of Timucua dropped from 50,000 to 1,000

St. Augustine Pedro Menéndez de Avilés born in Spain at 14 yrs. old, joined Spanish navy…soon became an officer fought pirates in the Mediterranean Sea commanded a fleet that brought treasure back to Spain from the Americas

St. Augustine Pedro Menéndez de Avilés 1563 – sent to prison for 2 yrs for not obeying orders at sea Spain’s king still chose him to start colony in FL 1565 – founded St. Augustine built forts along coast made agreements with Native Americans brought priests from Spain to start missions died in Spain

St. Augustine Shipwrecks and Salvage the waters off Florida are “littered” with shipwrecks that occurred over hundreds of years Attocha – Spanish wreck sank in 1622 – treasure worth an estimated $300 million Spanish Treasure Fleet – sank in 1715 – still being salvaged

St. Augustine Shipwrecks and Salvage Florida Keys – ideal territory for wreckers who retrieved and then sold the cargo from ships that crashed on the nearby reef Blackbeard – cruel pirate who preyed on Spanish ships Caravels & Galleons – ships that transported treasure back to Spain