Patrick R. Vasicek, P.E. Art Anderson Associates

POF System Sustainability is Everything Success of Mass Transit Systems is primarily driven by human factors – for POFs, ferry terminals are a major factor Economics of Mass Transit Systems in general and Passenger Only Ferry Systems specifically must rival those for the automobile – currently this an Apples to Oranges Comparison Flexible terminals can mitigate many human factors and improve the life cycle cost of the POF system.

POF System Life-Cycle Analysis Example Baylink Ferry—San Francisco Bay Area Vallejo Ferry Terminal M/V Intintoli

The Water-Linked TOD Triple Bottom Line Human/Social Factors Modal Pre-Disposition (competing mode factor) Quality of Service (Level of Service Measure) Economic Factors Overall system cost (normalized to = $/Passenger-Mile) System permanence (degree of system subsidy normalized to equal 100% - acceptable fare box recovery rate) Environmental Factors. System Sustainable Use Factor (Renewability %)

Level of Service (LOS) Concepts Fixed Route transit systems use a six level measurement system graded A – F LOS metrics should: Represent the passenger point of view Be easily quantifiable in terms of LOS Use measures already in use by other agencies Transit systems are optimally designed to meet LOS C or D

Baylink Ferry – SF Bay Area LOS Calculations LOS CategoryScoreWeight Weighted ScoreComments Modal Pre-DispositionC824Ferry faster than rush hour in car Service FrequencyD24Less than 40 minutes during rush hour Hours of ServiceD12Daytime service Service CoverageC13Good intermodal connectivity on both ends Passenger LoadC26Rarely exceeds 300 pax/boat On-Time PerformanceC26 Indexed LOS<C2.8125

Economic Factors Overall System Operation Cost

Economic Factors Overall System Operation Cost Out-of-pocket cost to operate an automobile ~ $0.50/passenger-mile (single occupancy) Above cost does not include all infrastructure costs (only those funded with gas taxes) Total System Operating Cost for Baylink example ($0.65/passenger-mile) compares well with single occupancy automobile, especially if infrastructure costs are added

Water-Linked TOD Model Hercules, California Hercules Waterfront

Hercules Terminal San Francisco Bay Area Prototype Terminal WTA Ferry Terminal—Option 1

Prototype Terminal Layouts WTA Terminal Concept Design

POF Float Components Float Pier-to-Float Gangway Gangway Landing Platform Float Ramps Loading Platform Transfer Gangway

Transfer Gangway Operation Loading Platform and Transfer Gangway in “Up” Stowed Position Transfer Gangway Moved Laterally to Match up with Boat Door Spacing

Transfer Gangway Operation Loading Platform Lowered to Match up with Boat Freeboard Transfer Gangway Deployed – Note: Goal is to Moor Boat & Deploy Transfer Gangway in 30 Seconds

Vallejo Ferry Maintenance Facility – Service Barge - Notch

South San Francisco – Prototype Transfer Gangway – Geometric Analysis

South San Francisco – Prototype Transfer Gangway – ADA Compliant Design

Trinidad & Tobago – NIDCO Water Taxi Terminal Upgrades Existing Pontoon System – San Fernando Existing Terminal _ San Fernando

NIDCO Water Taxi Terminal Upgrades – San Fernando Terminal Fabrication Drawings

NIDCO Water Taxi Terminal Upgrades – San Fernando Maintenance Area Fab Drawings

Conclusions ADA compliant, flexible POF terminals can be implemented using permanent, semi-permanent, fixed movable platforms or through the use of hydraulic/manually movable components Sustainability and long-term success of a POF system are interdependent and are both enhanced by the economic advantages and the improved human-factors related performance resulting from flexible terminal design Understanding and de-conflicting maintenance activities and Work Flow significantly improves life cycle costs and system sustainability