Revelation and the Golden Calf CALEV BEN DOR לב: א וַיַּרְא הָעָם, כִּי-בֹשֵׁשׁ מֹשֶׁה לָרֶדֶת מִן-הָהָר; וַיִּקָּהֵל הָעָם עַל-אַהֲרֹן, וַיֹּאמְרוּ אֵלָיו.

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Revelation and the Golden Calf CALEV BEN DOR לב: א וַיַּרְא הָעָם, כִּי-בֹשֵׁשׁ מֹשֶׁה לָרֶדֶת מִן-הָהָר; וַיִּקָּהֵל הָעָם עַל-אַהֲרֹן, וַיֹּאמְרוּ אֵלָיו קוּם עֲשֵׂה-לָנוּ אֱלֹהִים אֲשֶׁר יֵלְכוּ לְפָנֵינוּ--כִּי-זֶה מֹשֶׁה הָאִישׁ אֲשֶׁר הֶעֱלָנוּ מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם, לֹא יָדַעְנוּ מֶה-הָיָה לוֹ. ב וַיֹּאמֶר אֲלֵהֶם, אַהֲרֹן, פָּרְקוּ נִזְמֵי הַזָּהָב, אֲשֶׁר בְּאָזְנֵי נְשֵׁיכֶם בְּנֵיכֶם וּבְנֹתֵיכֶם; וְהָבִיאוּ, אֵלָי. ג וַיִּתְפָּרְקוּ, כָּל-הָעָם, אֶת-נִזְמֵי הַזָּהָב, אֲשֶׁר בְּאָזְנֵיהֶם; וַיָּבִיאוּ, אֶל-אַהֲרֹן. ד וַיִּקַּח מִיָּדָם, וַיָּצַר אֹתוֹ בַּחֶרֶט, וַיַּעֲשֵׂהוּ, עֵגֶל מַסֵּכָה; וַיֹּאמְרוּ--אֵלֶּה אֱלֹהֶיךָ יִשְׂרָאֵל, אֲשֶׁר הֶעֱלוּךָ מֵאֶרֶץ מִצְרָיִם. הוַיַּרְא אַהֲרֹן, וַיִּבֶן מִזְבֵּחַ לְפָנָיו; וַיִּקְרָא אַהֲרֹן וַיֹּאמַר, חַג לַיהוָה מָחָר. ווַיַּשְׁכִּימוּ, מִמָּחֳרָת, וַיַּעֲלוּ עֹלֹת, וַיַּגִּשׁוּ שְׁלָמִים; וַיֵּשֶׁב הָעָם לֶאֱכֹל וְשָׁתוֹ, וַיָּקֻמוּ לְצַחֵק. 1 And when the people saw that Moses delayed to come down from the mount, the people gathered themselves together unto Aaron, and said unto him: 'Up, make us a god who shall go before us; for as for this Moses, the man that brought us up out of the land of Egypt, we don’t know what has become of him.' 2 And Aaron said to them: 'Break off the golden rings, which are in the ears of your wives, of your sons, and of your daughters, and bring them to me.' 3 And all the people broke off the golden rings which were in their ears, and brought them to Aaron. 4 And he received it from them, and fashioned it with a graving tool, and made it a golden calf; and they said: 'This is your god, O Israel, which brought you up out of the land of Egypt.' 5 And when Aaron saw this, he built an altar before it; and Aaron made proclamation, and said: 'Tomorrow shall be a feast to the LORD.' 6 And they rose up early the next day, and offered burnt-offerings, and brought peace-offerings; and the people sat down to eat and drink, and rose up to make merry. כי זה משה האיש אשר העלנו מארץ מצרים: והיה מורה לנו הדרך נעלה בה, "לא ידענו מה היה לו", עתה צריכין לאלוהות הרבה אשר ילכו לפנינו. “This man (Moshe) who brought us out of the land of Egypt” who showed us the way to go “we don’t know what has happened to him” Now we need new gods to lead us (Rashi) “their offence lay in fashioning of an image which had been forbidden them and in attributing Divine sanctity to the product of their own desires and hands without being commanded to do so by God…Their sin did not constitute a total repudiation of the service of He who brought them out of Egypt but was rather a partial repudiation of some of His commands. They themselves had no right to determine the mode of worship and make an altar and sacrifices in accordance with it…the people did not intend to commit idolatry but imagined that they were striving to worship the true God. For this reason they applied to Aaron to translate their strivings into reality.” (Yehuda HaLevi)

"And they cried out in a great voice to Hashem their God" (Nechemia 9:4). What did they say…"Woe! Woe! This is what destroyed the Temple, and burned the Sanctuary, and killed all the righteous ones, and exiled the Jews from their land, and it still dances among us. Did you give it to us for any reason at all other than to receive reward for overcoming it? We do not want it, nor do we want the reward for overcoming it!"... They fasted for three days and three nights, and it [the yetzer for idolatry] was delivered to them. The likeness of a fiery lion cub emerged from the Holy of Holies. The prophet said to Israel, "This is the yetzer hara for idolatry." As they seized it, a hair slipped from its mane, and it roared, and the sound went out over an area of four hundred parsangs. They said: "What shall we do? Perhaps, God forbid, Heaven will have mercy on it." The prophet replied: "Cast it into a lead cauldron and cover the opening with lead, for lead absorbs sound." (Yoma 69b) ויצעקו אל ה' אלהים בקול גדול מאי אמור אמר רב ואיתימא ר' יוחנן בייא בייא היינו האי דאחרביה למקדשא וקליה להיכליה וקטלינהו לכולהו צדיקי ואגלינהו לישראל מארעהון ועדיין מרקד בינן כלום יהבתיה לן אלא לקבולי ביה אגרא לא איהו בעינן ולא אגריה בעינן נפל להו פיתקא מרקיעא דהוה כתב בה אמת אמר רב חנינא שמע מינה חותמו של הקב"ה אמת אותיבו בתעניתא תלתא יומין ותלתא לילואתא מסרוהו ניהליהו נפק אתא כי גוריא דנורא מבית קדשי הקדשים אמר להו נביא לישראל היינו יצרא בהדי דתפסוה ליה אשתמיט ביניתא ממזייא ורמא קלא ואזל קליה ארבע מאה פרסי אמרו היכי נעביד דילמא חס ושלום מרחמי עליה מן שמיא אמר להו נביא שדיוהו בדודא דאברא וחפיוהו לפומיה באברא דאברא משאב שאיב קלא וישלך אותה אל תוך האיפה וישלך את אבן העופרת אל פיה They then said: Since it is now a time of Divine favor, let us also pray for the inclination for gilui arayot (sexual immorality) [to be subdued before us]. They prayed and it, too, was delivered into their hands. Whereupon it said to them: "See that if you kill me the world will become desolate." They imprisoned it for three days. During this time, they sought a freshly laid egg throughout Eretz Yisrael, and it was not found. They said: "What shall we do? Shall we kill it? The world will become desolate. Shall we pray that half [the Inclination be subdued]? Heaven does not grant a half." Therefore, they blinded its eyes and then released it, and henceforth, a man does not become aroused by it with his close relatives. (Yoma 69b) אמרו הואיל ועת רצון הוא נבעי רחמי איצרא דעבירה בעו רחמי ואמסר בידייהו אמר להו חזו דאי קטליתו ליה לההוא כליא עלמא חבשוהו תלתא יומי ובעו ביעתא בת יומא בכל ארץ ישראל ולא אשתכח אמרי היכי נעביד נקטליה כליא עלמא ניבעי רחמי אפלגא פלגא ברקיעא לא יהבי כחלינהו לעיניה ושבקוהו ואהני דלא מיגרי ביה לאיניש בקריבתה R. Abdimi from Haifa said: Since the day when the Temple was destroyed, prophecy has been taken from the prophets and given to the wise. R. Johanan said: Since the Temple was destroyed, prophecy has been taken from prophets and given to fools and children. (Baba Batra 12a-b) [That night] Manasseh came and appeared to him [Rav Ashi] in a dream…He questioned him, 'Since you art so wise, why did you worship idols?' He replied, 'if you would have been there,, you would have lifted up your robe and run after me.' אתא מנשה איתחזי ליה בחלמיה… א"ל מאחר דחכימתו כולי האי מאי טעמא קא פלחיתו {לעבודה זרה} א"ל אי הות התם הות נקיטנא בשיפולי גלימא ורהטת אבתראי אמר רבי אבדימי דמן חיפה מיום שחרב בית המקדש ניטלה נבואה מן הנביאים וניתנה לחכמים …א"ר יוחנן מיום שחרב בית המקדש ניטלה נבואה מן הנביאים וניתנה לשוטים ולתינוקות