Hy 476 Spring 2011

 Martin Luther  Wittenberg, 1517  Growing Schism Between Protestants and Catholics  Political Implications of Rise of Protestantism  Henry VIII and Establishment of the Church of England  Lutheranism  Council of Trent,

 Rise of European Challengers to Spain’s Claim of Sole Sovereignty in the New World  England and Holland, Protestant  France, Spain’s Old Rival  Spillover into the Indies

 Conquest and Early Evangelization  The Missionary Orders: Dominicans, Franciscans, and Jesuits in the Main  Royal Patronage, Real Patronato  End of Millenarian Fervor  Establishment of the Secular Church and Institutionalization of Christianity, 16 th and 17 th centuries.  The Enlightenment of the Eighteenth Century  End of Spanish Rule and Wars of Independence

 The transition of Church from the missionary friars to the secular Church, and the role of the Crown in exercising control over the Church in the Indies. (to next slide)

 The regular orders: Franciscans, Dominicans, Augustinians  Secular clergy  Christianization as the context for conquest and colonization, no matter how contrived and hypocritical in some instances.  Syncretic forms of Christianity

 SANTO DOMINGO CHURCH and CONVENT  Due to the significant participation of the Dominicans in the conquest of Peru, the Spaniards couldn't have chosen a better place to build the church of the order than over the base of the most important monument of the Tawantinsuyo: the Koricancha, which is the largest Indian temple to worship the Sun. According to the chronicles, it was one of the most magnificent constructions of the Incan Cusco. In the inner part, the precincts' walls, made of finely polished stone, were entirely covered with gold and silver sheets, idols and the representation of the sun. After receiving the old temple's plot during the lots distribution that took place in October 1534, Juan Pizarro, brother of the conqueror, ceded it to the Dominican congregation. The first prior of the convent was Friar Juan de Olías, who occupied this cloister together with a group of Mexican missionaries. [next page for image]

 The Revelations exhibition includes paintings depicting the colonial caste system, which described the complex racial mixing of the people of Latin America. Above, De Mestizo y de India, Coyote — or "A mestizo and an Indian woman produce a coyote" — 1763, Mexico.

 Real Patronato, or Royal Patronage  Missionary orders vs. secular clergy  Syncretism (already mentioned)  All layers of culture and society imbued with Christianity  Education  Charity/Philanthropy (cont. with next slide)

 Hospitals  Festivals  Church leading financial institution  Expansion of monastic life across urban Latin America  Inquisition  Control of wealth, haciendas, Jesuits, Paraguay, Mexico for example  Beginnings of loss of prestige and power in eighteenth century

 Expulsion of the Jesuits, mid-eighteenth century  Presence of missionaries as frontier institutions in North America, those lands that later passed to the United States.  Frontier society and competition for Indian loyalties by Europeans, etc.  To the Wars of Independence