CHAPTERCHAPTER TEACHERS, SCHOOLS, AND SOCIETY TENTH EDITION DAVID MILLER SADKER KAREN R. ZITTLEMAN Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society, Tenth Edition. © 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. Financing and Governing America’s Schools 9 McGraw-Hill © 2013 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved.

Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society, Tenth Edition. © 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 9-2 THE PUBLIC EDUCATION DOLLAR: WHERE THE MONEY COMES FROM Figure SOURCE: Public Education Finances, 2009, U.S. Census Bureau, issued May 2011.

Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society, Tenth Edition. © 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 9-3 THE PUBLIC EDUCATION DOLLAR: WHERE THE MONEY GOES Figure SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau, February, 2009 Annual Survey of Local Government Finances—School Systems. Issued May 2011.

Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society, Tenth Edition. © 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 9-4 FEDERAL BUDGET AND EDUCATION SOURCE: Office of Management and Budget, fiscal year Figure 9.5

Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society, Tenth Edition. © 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 9-5 STATE RANKINGS OF PER-PUPIL EXPENDITURES, 2009–2010 SOURCE: Public Education Finances, 2010, U.S. Census Bureau, Issued June Figure 9.4

Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society, Tenth Edition. © 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 9-6 PUBLIC OPINION ON FINANCING EDUCATION Which do you think is the best way to finance the public schools—by means of local property taxes, state taxes, or taxes from the federal government in Washington? SOURCE: 40th PDK/Gallup Poll. 9.8 ’08 % ’97 % ’86 % Local taxes State taxes Federal taxes Don’t know8919

Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society, Tenth Edition. © 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 9-7 PUBLIC VIEW OF MONEY AND QUALITY OF EDUCATION SOURCE: Phi Delta Kappa/Gallup Poll In your opinion, how much does the amount of money spent on a public school student’s education affect the quality of his or her education?

Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society, Tenth Edition. © 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 9-8 STRUCTURE OF A TYPICAL STATE SCHOOL SYSTEM Figure

Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society, Tenth Edition. © 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part. 9-9 WHO CONTROLS WHAT? (STATE) State governments: Levy taxes License teachers and other educators Set standards for school attendance, safety, etc. Outline minimum curricular and graduation standards (sometimes including specific textbooks to be used and competency tests for student graduation and teacher certification) Regulate the nature and size of local school districts 9.12

Sadker/Zittleman, Teachers, Schools, and Society, Tenth Edition. © 2013 by McGraw-Hill Education. This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use. Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner. This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part WHO CONTROLS WHAT? (LOCAL) Local school districts: Implement state regulations and policies Create and implement local policies and practices for effective school administration Hire school personnel Provide needed funds and build appropriate facilities Fix salaries and working conditions Translate community needs into educational practice Initiate additional curriculum, licensing, or other requirements beyond state requirements Create current and long-range plans for the school district 9.13