U NIT 4 T EST R EVIEW Ms. Grant

U NIT 4 T EST R EVIEW There is less variation in temperature at the equator during the year than the temperatures at the poles. Each Earth day is 24 hours long, the reason for this is because it takes Earth 24 hours to rotate once on its axis. The Northern Hemisphere receives more solar energy during one half the year than it does during the other half of the year because the angle at which sunlight reaches the Northern Hemisphere changes.

U NIT 4 T EST R EVIEW A year on Mars is equal to 687 Earth days because it takes Mars almost twice as much time as Earth to orbit the sun once. When it is winter in the Northern Hemisphere, it is summer in the Southern Hemisphere. The reason for this is because the Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the sun and the Southern Hemisphere is tilted toward the sun.

U NIT 4 T EST R EVIEW In January, it is winter in the Northern Hemisphere. In the Southern Hemisphere it would be Summer. During Earth’s rotation, Earth spins on its axis, causing day and night.

U NIT 4 T EST R EVIEW It takes about one month to cycle from one new moon to the next new moon When Earth moves into the moon’s shadow, a solar eclipse takes place. The new moon phase represents the appearance of the moon during a solar eclipse. A satellite is an object that revolves around a larger object. Many satellites are orbiting Earth. Gravity is an important factor in keeping a communications satellite in orbit around Earth.

U NIT 4 T EST R EVIEW The phases of the moon are the changing appearances of the moon, as seen from Earth. The waning crescent phase happens immediately after a third quarter moon. The phases of the moon are the regular changes in how the moon looks from Earth. During the new moon phase the moon not visible from Earth.

U NIT 4 T EST R EVIEW Sometimes the moon looks like a crescent. At other times, the moon looks like a half circle. The Light from the sun is reflected by the moon’s surface this is what makes it possible for you to see the surface of the moon from Earth.

U NIT 4 T EST R EVIEW The moons gravitational pull on the Earth has the greatest effect on tides. Neap tides take place during the first quarter and third quarter moon phases. During the new moon and full moon phases spring tides take place.

U NIT 4 T EST R EVIEW The moon passes over a particular spot on Earth’s surface, causing tides as a result of its gravitational pull, once every 24 hours and 50 minutes. A tidal range is the difference between the levels of ocean water at high tide and low tide. A tide of maximum range that takes place two times a month best describes a spring tide.

U NIT 4 T EST R EVIEW The length of a year is different for each planet in the solar system. An Earth year has about 365 days in a year.

A NSWERS TO STUDY GUIDE Earth’s Days, Years, and Seasons-Lesson1 1. C 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. A

A NSWERS TO STUDY GUIDE Moon Phases and Eclipses-Lesson 2 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. D

A NSWERS TO STUDY GUIDE Earth’s Tides-Lesson 3 1. C 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. C