ENUM- --- S.,L. Chou 1 工業技術研究院 電腦與通訊工業研究所 Industrial Technology Research Institute Computer & Communications Research Laboratories 11/21/00 ENUM --- A Mechanism for Personalized IP Services Management Using E.164 Number 周勝鄰 博士 工研院電通所 Tel:

ENUM- --- S.,L. Chou 2 工業技術研究院 電腦與通訊工業研究所 Industrial Technology Research Institute Computer & Communications Research Laboratories 11/21/00 Why ENUM ?  How do network elements (gateways, SIP servers etc) find services on the Internet if you only have a telephone (E.164) number?  How can subscribers define their preferences for incoming communications?  Many Number & Addressing Mechanism Used  With ENUM  Only One Number

ENUM- --- S.,L. Chou 3 工業技術研究院 電腦與通訊工業研究所 Industrial Technology Research Institute Computer & Communications Research Laboratories 11/21/00 ENUM 101  What is ENUM (RFC 2916)? Make Telephone Number Become a Domain Name in Internet Any Telephone Number can Register As Domain Name in IP World  Importance of ENUM New Addressing Mechanism in IP World Mechanism for IP/PSTN Convergence  Global ENUM Activities IETF, ITU-T, US ENUM Form, Europe, … ENUM Trials: More Than 10 Countries  Different Kinds of ENUM Public (Personalized) ENUM: Future Vision Carrier ENUM: Enhance MMS/SMS Services Enterprise ENUM: Enhance Enterprise Telecomm Service

ENUM- --- S.,L. Chou 4 工業技術研究院 電腦與通訊工業研究所 Industrial Technology Research Institute Computer & Communications Research Laboratories 11/21/00 What is ENUM ? ENUM Mechanism E.164 Number Domain Name System (DNS) ENUM is a Mechanism to Translate an E.164 Number into A List of URI So that An IP User Can be Accessed by E.164 Number. Problem: How to Address (or Locate) a User in IP World from IP/PSTN Network ?

ENUM- --- S.,L. Chou 5 工業技術研究院 電腦與通訊工業研究所 Industrial Technology Research Institute Computer & Communications Research Laboratories 11/21/00 ENUM Domain

ENUM- --- S.,L. Chou 6 工業技術研究院 電腦與通訊工業研究所 Industrial Technology Research Institute Computer & Communications Research Laboratories 11/21/00 Tier-0 Top Level Domain (TLD)  The Choice of Common Designated Domain fir ENUM Tier-0 is Undecided and is Proving Controversial ARPA as ENUM TLD is Controlled by IETF and Operated by RIPE-NCC  US and some other countries, ISOC/IAB/IETF Support IETF Conclusion  European Union, France and Germany Proposed ITU-TSB as the Operator for ENUM  China, France, Germany, Syria and Spain Objected to ARPA as TLD for political reason  to reinforce the infrastructure of Internet governance E.A-ENUM Recommendation  “Principle and procedures for the administration of E.164 Country codes for registration into the Domain Name System”  TLD is open  ITU-TSB is the ENUM Tier-0 Administrator

ENUM- --- S.,L. Chou 7 工業技術研究院 電腦與通訊工業研究所 Industrial Technology Research Institute Computer & Communications Research Laboratories 11/21/00 ENUM in a Nutshell take phone number turn into domain name e164.arpa. return list of URI’s ask the DNS Source: IETF

ENUM- --- S.,L. Chou 8 工業技術研究院 電腦與通訊工業研究所 Industrial Technology Research Institute Computer & Communications Research Laboratories 11/21/00 ENUM in More Detail “Call setup” Sip Query e164.arpa.? Dial DNS-Server Sip serverGateway Response Source: IETF

ENUM- --- S.,L. Chou 9 工業技術研究院 電腦與通訊工業研究所 Industrial Technology Research Institute Computer & Communications Research Laboratories 11/21/00 ENUM DNS Hierarchy e164.arpa -> ns1.t1a.com; ns2.t1a.com e164.arpa -> ns1.t1b.com; ns2.t1b.com e164.arpa -> NAPTR RRs (ldap URL) LDAP DB... Tier 1 Tier 2 (Designated by the end user) e164.arpa -> ns1.t2.biz; ns2.t2.biz Tier 3 (Depending on the application) e164.arpa -> ns1.t1.com ns2.t1.com Tier 0 (RIPE) ns1.t1.com/ns2.t1.com e164.arpa -> ns1.t2.org; ns2.t2.org ns1.t1b.com/ns2.t1b.com ns1.t1a.com/ns2.t1a.com ns1.t2.biz/ns2.t2.biz ldap URL Source: James Yum, Neustar.arpa.

ENUM- --- S.,L. Chou 10 工業技術研究院 電腦與通訊工業研究所 Industrial Technology Research Institute Computer & Communications Research Laboratories 11/21/00 ENUM Scenario IP Network Softswitch SIP Proxy IAD ENUM Server Server 1 5 Dial: SIP Phone User Dial Tel. No 2.ENUM Query, get 3 URIs 3.Make SIP Call, No Answer 4.Make Mobile Call, Fail 5.Connect to DNS $ORIGIN e164.arpa. IN NAPTR “u” “sip+E2U” IN NAPTR “u” “tel+E2U” “!^.*$!tel: !” IN NAPTR “u” “mailto+E2U” $ORIGIN e164.arpa. IN NAPTR “u” “sip+E2U” IN NAPTR “u” “tel+E2U” “!^.*$!tel: !” IN NAPTR “u” “mailto+E2U” Media Gateway Signal Gateway Enum Record

ENUM- --- S.,L. Chou 11 工業技術研究院 電腦與通訊工業研究所 Industrial Technology Research Institute Computer & Communications Research Laboratories 11/21/00 ENUM Scenario (cont.) 1.User Make Call to E.164 Number: Softswitch Translates the E.164 Number to Query Input to ENUM Server: e164.arpa and gets a list of URIs returned 3.The Softswitch Processes the 1 st URI Record, a.Query DNS to get the IP Address of Host: itri-sip-proxy.org.tw b.Make SIP Call to SIP Phone of slchou through SIP Proxy c.SIP Phone Does not Answer 4.The Softswitch Processes the 2 nd URI Record, a.Make PSTN Call Through Gateway to b Does not Answer 5.The Softswitch Processes the 3rd URI Record, a.Query DNS to get the IP Address of Host: itri.org.tw b.Connect the Caller Server SMTP Protocol c.Caller Leave the Message

ENUM- --- S.,L. Chou 12 工業技術研究院 電腦與通訊工業研究所 Industrial Technology Research Institute Computer & Communications Research Laboratories 11/21/00 ENUM and MMS Service GGSN Internet/ Data Network ENUM Server MMS ‘A’ Gateway MMSC ‘B’ Step 3b To: Query: e164.apra IP = Network A Network B Registry Server SGSN Step 1 Step 2 Step 3a ‘SMS Based’ Response

ENUM- --- S.,L. Chou 13 工業技術研究院 電腦與通訊工業研究所 Industrial Technology Research Institute Computer & Communications Research Laboratories 11/21/00 ENUM Administrative Model

ENUM- --- S.,L. Chou 14 工業技術研究院 電腦與通訊工業研究所 Industrial Technology Research Institute Computer & Communications Research Laboratories 11/21/00 Registry vs. Registrar  Registry Runs the DNS server for a specific domain name one domain -> one registry  Registrar Provide ENUM Registration to ENUM Users So that Users Need Not to Contact Registry Registrar verify customer data, do billing, and send data to registry when delegation is to be done, changed or cancelled

ENUM- --- S.,L. Chou 15 工業技術研究院 電腦與通訊工業研究所 Industrial Technology Research Institute Computer & Communications Research Laboratories 11/21/00 ITU-T ENUM Activities  ITU-T Study Group 2  Interim Procedures for Use of the ARPA Domain Approved in May, 2002 Interim procedures for delegation of E.164 country codes into ARPA domain before Approval of E.A-NUM RIPE-NCC is Authorized by ITU-TSB to Perform such Delegation at this Stage 

ENUM- --- S.,L. Chou 16 工業技術研究院 電腦與通訊工業研究所 Industrial Technology Research Institute Computer & Communications Research Laboratories 11/21/00 IETF ENUM Activities  Telephone Number Mapping (ENUM) WG RFC 2916, “E.164 number and DNS”  RFC 2915, “The naming authority pointer (NAPTR) DNS resource record”, August, 2000  RIPE-NCC Related ENUM Activities after RFC 2916  Update RFC to reference the DDDS –RFC2916bis,”The E.164 to URI DDDS Application”  ENUM Administrative and Operational Prtocedures –Registration and Provisioning Procedures, Validation and Authentication of Data –Operational Privacy, Security Issues and Procedure  IETF Liaison with ITU-T SG2  New Issues Being Considered: –Extent Same URI in RFC 2916 for Different Service »e.g., 2 SIP URIs but one for voice and one is instant messaging  SIP vs. ENUM Services, e.g., distinction the location provided by SIP and ENUM  Adding Presence as an ENUM service  Extension of ENUM service ‘tel’ URI  Location Number Portability, using DNS as the source  Extensible Provisioning Protocol (EPP) in PROVREG WG, IETF

ENUM- --- S.,L. Chou 17 工業技術研究院 電腦與通訊工業研究所 Industrial Technology Research Institute Computer & Communications Research Laboratories 11/21/ Issue in IP World e164.arpa ENUM TLD Taiwan ENUM TIER e164.arpa JPN ENUM TIER 1 US ENUM TIER 1 ENUM TIER 2 Permanent Caching e164.arpa pointing to Taiwan ENUM Tier-1 in other Countries Tier-1

ENUM- --- S.,L. Chou 18 工業技術研究院 電腦與通訊工業研究所 Industrial Technology Research Institute Computer & Communications Research Laboratories 11/21/00 ENUM Provisioning Issues  Privacy Issues Need to obtain end-user agreement to enter number in DNS, depending on national data-protection laws Hardening the ENUM zone data against data mining, especially for the purposes of spam? But hard to stop ENUM name servers being harvested for resources bound to an E.164 number  Security Issue Almost no security in normal DNS Transaction Signatures (TSIG) provides simple form of DNS Security based on shared secret Ultimately DNSSEC needs to be deployed  uses public key encryption to generate digital signatures for every resource record in a zone  public keys are also signed and included in the zone, allowing the signatures to be validated

ENUM- --- S.,L. Chou 19 工業技術研究院 電腦與通訊工業研究所 Industrial Technology Research Institute Computer & Communications Research Laboratories 11/21/00 ENUM Provisioning Issues  Service Integrity Unexpected Service Activated to the Caller  Service Provisioning and Management E.164 Number Authentication Service Validation on NAPTR Modifications ?

ENUM- --- S.,L. Chou 20 工業技術研究院 電腦與通訊工業研究所 Industrial Technology Research Institute Computer & Communications Research Laboratories 11/21/00 More Than Number Translation  One E.164 Number to Multiple URIs Multiple NAPTR  service: URI  Multiple IP Services Behind one ENUM sip, tel, ifax, mms, ems, sip, , …  Service Realization Mechanism in IP World Service Realization for ASP Service Selection  Service Management for ENUM Users Web-based Service Management for ENUM Users Service Applied Dynamically

ENUM- --- S.,L. Chou 21 工業技術研究院 電腦與通訊工業研究所 Industrial Technology Research Institute Computer & Communications Research Laboratories 11/21/00 Conclusions  ENUM is An Important Enabling Technology to Speed-up IP/PSTN Convergence  ENUM --- Let Users Use Telephone Number in IP Network  ENUM --- Make Users to Manage Different IP Services Uniformly  ENUM Will Bring Huge Impact to PSTN and IP Networks