The Civil War

Election of 1860 Lincoln wins election against three other candidates. Lincoln gets 39% of the vote and wins electoral college despite not even being on the ballot in southern states.

Secession Withdrawl from the Union On December 20, 1860, South Carolina becomes the first state to secede.

Secession By February 1861, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, and Georgia had also seceded.

The Confederate States of America On February 4, 1861, delegates from the seceded states met in Montgomery, Alabama and formed their new government. They elected Jefferson Davis, a Senator from Mississippi, to be the President of the Confederacy.

The Confederate States of America These states justified their secession on the grounds of states rights, arguing that they had joined the Union voluntarily under the contract of the Constitution. They believed the Federal Government had violated that contract.

The Confederate States of America The Confederacy established their capital in Richmond, Virginia, less than 100 miles from Washington D.C.

Fort Sumter After months of debate over what would happen to federal forts in the south. At 4:30 am on April 12, 1861, Confederate batteries opened fire on Fort Sumter in Charleston Bay. Fort Sumter surrendered and the Civil War had begun.

Advantages North had a much larger population than the south had huge industries that could produce large amounts of war materials had better transportation network (railroads) Large Navy

Advantages South had a wealth of well trained military officers a strong fighting spirit most of the war was fought in the south, better knowledge of the land

Disadvantages North few well trained officers a larger bureaucracy, group of officials and administrators within a government.

Disadvantages South Lack of manpower, smaller population Little to no industry Poor transportation (few railroads) Little to no Navy

Strategies North The North had to fight an offensive war, they had to invade the south and force the Confederacy to rejoin the Union.

Anaconda Plan Union plan to squeeze the Confederacy into submission. Had three parts 1. Union warships would blockade southern ports along the Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico.

Anaconda Plan 2. The North would take control of the Mississippi River splitting the Confederacy in two

Anaconda Plan 3. Capture Richmond the Confederate Capital.

Strategies South The South on the other hand only had to fight a defensive war, they did not need to invade the north to win.

Strategies South Their plan was to simply keep fighting until either support for the war in the north faded or until foreign powers such as Britain or France would come to their aid.

Strategies South However, with Washington D.C. being so close there were many efforts to attack Washington to try to speed the end to the war.

Lincoln Jefferson Davis -Mary Todd -Robert E. Lee -William Seward -Stonewall Jackson -David Davis -Jeb Stuart -Salmon Chase -Jame Longstreet -General McClellan -Joseph Johnston -Joe Hooker -Sam Watkins -U.S. Grant