Breaking Up a Nation and Trying to Mend It Back Together

Federal vs. State Authority Lincoln thinks the Federal Government should decide the question of where slavery exists The Southern States believe that is a question to be decided by states

Lincoln’s Union (North) – Article 1, section 8 (Necessary and Proper Clause) To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof. Confederacy (South) – Amendment #10 _______________________________________________

North (Union) Military Advantages More People Large Navy Economic Advantages Controlled most banking Most factories, railroads, and food farms Political Advantages Established Central Gov’t Disadvantages Many believe the war too costly and are hard to motivate South (Confederacy) Military Advantages War of Attrition On Home front Economic Advantages Foreign Cotton Demand Political Advantages Defending their homes Most believed in the cause Disadvantages States rights means weak central gov’t ~ makes fighting a war difficult

Lincoln had said that if states were still rebelling by new year’s 1863, he’d free the slaves in Southern States U.S. gov’t recognizes those slaves as free Still slavery in the border states; EP only applies to areas outside of Lincoln’s control Commits U.S. to a policy of abolition in the South

13 th Amendment 13 th Amendment: Prohibits Slavery 14 th Amendment 14 th Amendment: Full Citizenship, Due Process, Equal Protection 15 th Amendment 15 th Amendment: Right to Vote Freedman’s Bureau Free public education for African-Americans and whites in the South

Most states required to ratify 14 th Amendment Military Reconstruction Act ~ Troops sent Established state hospitals and institutions for orphans, disabled, mentally ill Rebuilt roads, railways, and bridges Provided funds for new railroads and industry Transcontinental railroad Industry grew rapidly

The Bad Economic Depression in South Military Posts in the West Forced removal of Native Americans from the Great Plains from 1867 to 1890 The Ugly Black Codes weaken Reconstruction Compromise of 1876 ends Reconstruction too fast Not all had accepted Reconstruction Amendments No permanent provisions for rights of Blacks Share cropping and tenant farms replace slaveholding plantations Ku Klux Klan affect the South because it helped the reverse Reconstruction in the South