The ATLAS Tile Calorimeter: Commissioning and Preparation for Collisions Presented by Oleg Solovyanov On behalf of the Tile Calorimeter Collaboration of ATLAS experiment Other talks about Tile Calorimeter: ATLAS Tile Calorimeter performance for single particles in beam tests, T.Davidek The response of ATLAS Tile Calorimeter to pions and protons, M.Simonyan MC Comparison in the ATLAS Combined test-beam, P.Speckmayer Commissioning Calibration systems Cosmics Preparation for collisions XIII International Conference on Calorimetry in High Energy Physics CALOR 2006 Pavia, Italy

Tile Calorimeter Barrel part (  <1.7) of the ATLAS Hadron Calorimeter Sampling calorimeter: iron/scintillating tiles (perpendicular to beam axis) Double PMT readout via WLS fibers Tile readout is grouped into projective geometry cells 10K readout channels in 256 electronics “drawers”, data sent over fiber links Analog trigger sums from projective towers to L1 trigger system CALOR 2006, May, Pavia O.Solovyanov IHEP 2

CALOR 2006, May, Pavia O.Solovyanov IHEP 3 Status at CALOR 2006: Barrel at final position Z=0 Ext.Barrels complete Services being connected Final power supplies are coming Standalone FE commissioning Still to do in :  Finish services  Install power supplies  Finish FE commissioning  Calibration systems  Integration within ATLAS  Cosmic runs  More...

Today’s status. Services All the services have been connected&tested Cooling Power Trigger Readout Auxiliary fibers connection Connection aux.fiber-Patch Panel Drawer Connection Interface board connection inside drawer (End of Fiber) USA15-UX15 fiber Special tests for optical fibers: Attenuation test: LED source & meter at 2 frequencies 1300, 850 nm with maximum acceptable loss of 3dB OTDR: Optical Time Domain Reflectometer Analyses the loss in an optical fiber by: Injecting short laser pulses into it Counting the backscattering and reflection photons as a function of time. The idea is to locate with a precision of few centimeters any break or splice loss Length of fibers can be measured (used for trigger delays) 12 fibers of barrel (out of 512) had to be respliced (~2%) Tests done for trigger, readout, and laser fibers CALOR 2006, May, Pavia O.Solovyanov IHEP 4

 In-situ certification with mobile readout unit  Online commissioning - final backend - real-time: fast response - low statistics  Offline commissioning - final TDAQ system - athena reconstruction - high precision - data integrity studies - calibration constants FE electronics commissioning Comissioning steps:  Pedestals: noise  Charge injection: electronics calibration digitizers  LED(Laser): PMTs, HV system  Cosmics: Tiles+PMT+readout Data types: I.Korolkov CALOR2006 – FE commissioning details Tools 5

FE electronics long-term stability  Pedestals: high-frequency noise (pedestals, cosmic runs) - stablity of noise: variation in 4 months: < 0.1 ADC counts - stability in b-field: variation ON-OFF: < 0.1 ADC counts  Calibration constants (CIS data): - digitizer readout chain: RMS in 3 months: < 0.1% - integrator readout chain: RMS in 15 months: <0.1%  PMT gains (LED data) - stability in variying B-field: variation ON-OFF < 0.1% Stability of PMT gain in B-field: variation ON-OFF < 0.1% Stability of electronics calibration constant (3 months): Relative variation of calibration constant: < 0.1 % Integrator gain stability (15 months) Relative variation for 20 modules < 0.1% Module number low gain high gain RMS/Mean LBA52 Variation/Mean Summary: long-term stability < 0.1% CALOR 2006, May, Pavia O.Solovyanov IHEP 6

April 2007 – Extended barrel ready to move inside 7

February 2008 – Extended Barrels moved in 8

May 2008 – calorimeters closed and ready in final position 9

Detector control system (DCS) DCS system is fully operational All FE modules are powered HV is on Monitoring tools are provided Operating parameters are stable CALOR 2006, May, Pavia O.Solovyanov IHEP 10

Data Acquisition System (DAQ) 106 hours of continous cosmic running! CALOR 2006, May, Pavia O.Solovyanov IHEP 11

Data Quality Monitoring Channel based monitoring, pedestals and samples Physics quality, timing, occupancy Automated histogram/plots checks Monitoring at all levels of with appropriate focus CALOR 2006, May, Pavia O.Solovyanov IHEP 12

Mixer Tile Fibre PMT Divider 3-in-1 Analog Digital Optical Interface Integrator ADC-I Adder Digitizer Physics events Minimum Bias Cesium Laser Charge Injection ROD HV Opto HV Micro Canbus HV Energy µ Trigger Had Trigger DC Calibrations, Luminosity Monitoring Mother Board PMT Block TileCal cell L H Drawer TTC Calibration Systems

Laser calibration system Laser calibration system is fully installed Commissioning is well under way Laser runs are taken routinely Allows timing equalisation An adjustment of fibers has been done More narrow amplitude spread achieved CALOR 2006, May, Pavia O.Solovyanov IHEP 14

First Cesium scans of installed modules in the pit Cesium calibration system is working 3 Cs137 sources installed to calibrate all systems First runs performed in all modules, 8 hours per run No serious problems have been found HV setup and tuning is under way Tests with full magnetic field until July Aim to calibrate all 10K channels at em scale ~2% PMT response to passing source

L1 Calo tests Cosmics D.Prieur L1 calorimetry trigger is taking shape: Mapping tests using CIS pulses Timing tests using Laser Energy calibration using CIS Energy calibration using cosmics Calibration with cosmic muons Time distribution of cosmic signals CALOR 2006, May, Pavia O.Solovyanov IHEP 16

Integration milestone weeks Starting from the end of 2006 a number of integration weeks was organized Move from standalone detector commissioning to the combined one Collect cosmic data, with different trigger sources Perform calibrations, timing and trigger setup Train shifters, multiply experts, enhance monitoring tools and documentation Prepare for beam! CALOR 2006, May, Pavia O.Solovyanov IHEP 17 M1 – M2 – M3 – M4 – M5 – M6 – M7 – Beam!

Cosmic muon event in extended barrel triggered by L1Calo CALOR 2006, May, Pavia O.Solovyanov IHEP 18

Cosmic muon event in the TileCal barrel CALOR 2006, May, Pavia O.Solovyanov IHEP 19

3D display of cosmic muon event in TileCal CALOR 2006, May, Pavia O.Solovyanov IHEP 20

Another 3D event in Tile CALOR 2006, May, Pavia O.Solovyanov IHEP 21

Fake Missing ET From Cosmic Rays Events with 4 TeV MET? Events with > 200 GeV MET, rate: ~ few/day 2007 data runs to 17020, bad channels removed, Ecell>400MeV, level, em scale

10/14/2015LAr Commissioning23 Air shower, good pulse shapes ET miss (TileCal) = 130 GeV Δt = -16 ns

10/14/2015LAr Commissioning24 Hard bremsstrahlung ET miss (TileCal) = 1.2 TeV Good signal pulse shapes In TileCal (& LAr) Δt = -16 ns

10/14/2015LAr Commissioning25 Hard bremsstrahlung ETmiss = 4 TeV TileCal 10-bit ADC saturated (1023) Signal reconstruction assigns large error to saturated samples, fits remaining samples (tested in high/low gain) Also neighbouring cells with normal pulse shapes, including 1 cell with 200 GeV. Energy loss in just 1 scintillator tile less likely. Highest energy event recorded in ATLAS? Δt = -30 ns

Background Rejection via Calorimeter Timing 10/14/ Transit time from top to bottom of Calorimeter (~ 6m) ~ ns Jets MC Cosmics MC ATLAS Cosmic Data 2007 Muons on top: t<0 Muons on bottom: t>0 IP Jet: t=0 Timing resolution order 1 ns

Rejection via Electromagnetic Fraction in Data 10/14/2015 Note: not quite a fair data/MC comparison as clustering not applied to data. Rather meant to indicate a cut which can be applied to reject background.

LAr Commissioning Saturated PMT and surrounding cells 1.13 GeV GeV 0.58 GeV 0.43 GeV 2.87 GeV 0.79 GeV

Conclusions ATLAS Tile Calorimeter is fully installed and powered with all the necessary services All FE and BE electronics have been thoroughly commissioned to arrive to the first collisions with minimal number of bad channels (<1%) DCS and DAQ systems are running in full swing A massive number of sofware and hardware tools have been developed during commissioning and used to ensure good performance A good set of monitoring tools are ready to monitor the performance of the detector All calibrations systems are installed and working to provide well-calibrated detector for the first beams Tile Calorimeter is fully integrated with other ATLAS subsystems, including L1 trigger Large data sets of cosmics data have been acquired and being studied An impressive number of experts and shifters are prepared for ATLAS running Waiting for collisions!

Backup slides

M5 cosmics, triggered by muon chambers

Bottom Top M3 cosmics, energy deposited in TileCal, triggered by Tile

IPP Canada April 2005Richard Teuscher33 Examples of beam-halo muons in ATLAS A typical snake … Total  rate 105 kHz E  > 10 GeV 16 kHz E  > 100 GeV 1 kHz E  > 1 TeV 10 Hz L=10 34 Muons at cavern entrance