Chapter 20 Notes

Fort Sumter Had a very limited supply Had a very limited supply Would only last a few weeks Would only last a few weeks Lincoln wanted to send provisions Lincoln wanted to send provisions The South saw it as aggression The South saw it as aggression On April 12, 1861 the Confederates attacked On April 12, 1861 the Confederates attacked 34 hour bombardment – took no lives 34 hour bombardment – took no lives The Garrison surrendered The Garrison surrendered This electrified the North This electrified the North Before talked of departing in peace Before talked of departing in peace

The Border States Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee and North Carolina joined the seceded states. Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee and North Carolina joined the seceded states. Richmond Virginia became the Confederate capital. Richmond Virginia became the Confederate capital. Leaves Indian Territory (Oklahoma) Missouri, Kentucky, W. Virginia, Maryland and Delaware as border states Leaves Indian Territory (Oklahoma) Missouri, Kentucky, W. Virginia, Maryland and Delaware as border states Lincoln: “Hoped to have God on his side but had to have Kentucky” Lincoln: “Hoped to have God on his side but had to have Kentucky” Ohio River Ohio River Tributaries: Cumberland and Tennessee Tributaries: Cumberland and Tennessee

United States map of 1861, show affiliation of states and territories regarding the Civil War Legend: Dark Maroon: States that seceded before April 15, 1861 Dark Maroon: States that seceded before April 15, 1861 Red: States that seceded after April 15, 1861 Red: States that seceded after April 15, 1861 Yellow: Union states that permitted slavery Yellow: Union states that permitted slavery Blue: Union states that forbade slavery Blue: Union states that forbade slavery Grey: Territories unaffiliated Grey: Territories unaffiliated

The South Advantages Talented officers Talented officers Fighting on own soil Fighting on own soil Bred to fight Bred to fight Disadvantages Shortages of shoes, uniforms, and blankets Shortages of shoes, uniforms, and blankets Population 9 million Population 9 million Including 3.5 million slaves Many often went hungry due to supply problems Many often went hungry due to supply problems Breakdown of transportation system Rail Roads

The North Advantages Economy Economy Huge farm AND sprawling factory Huge farm AND sprawling factory ¾ of the nation’s wealth ¾ of the nation’s wealth The sea The sea Established a blockade Established a blockade Choked off supplies Choked off supplies Shattered Southern morale Shattered Southern morale Manpower Manpower 22 million 22 million Immigrants ImmigrantsDisadvantages Less prepared army Less prepared army “Clodhoppers” “Shopkeepers” No effective military leaders No effective military leaders Trial and error

The Ifs If the Border States had seceded If the Border States had seceded If uncertain states of the upper Mississippi Valley had turned against the Union If uncertain states of the upper Mississippi Valley had turned against the Union If a wave of Northern defeatism had demanded an armistice If a wave of Northern defeatism had demanded an armistice If Britain and/or France had broken the blockade If Britain and/or France had broken the blockade The South Might Have Won

King Cotton British relied on American South for 75% of its cotton supplies British relied on American South for 75% of its cotton supplies Such good crops years before left Britain with a surplus Such good crops years before left Britain with a surplus India and Egypt filled in the gap later India and Egypt filled in the gap later Needed Food more Needed Food more And getting that from the North And getting that from the North A good reason not to cross the blockade and risk a war with the Union A good reason not to cross the blockade and risk a war with the Union The Blockade is a key reason why the South was claiming only 12% of the nations wealth in 1870 The Blockade is a key reason why the South was claiming only 12% of the nations wealth in 1870

Europe Britain The Trent Affair The Trent Affair Making ships Making ships Alabama Alabama Laird rams Laird rams Best interest to help south but own people would not have it Best interest to help south but own people would not have it Eventually have to bow to the Northern requests Eventually have to bow to the Northern requestsFrance Ignores Southern pleas Ignores Southern pleas Uses war as a chance to take Mexico Uses war as a chance to take Mexico Inserts Maximilian as Emperor of Mexico Was hoping they would forget Monroe Doctrine Was hoping they would forget Monroe Doctrine Napoleon III gives up Napoleon III gives up Maximillian before firing squad

The North Economic Boom Leaps in technology creates America’s first Millionaire boys Leaps in technology creates America’s first Millionaire boys Putting profits before patriotism Putting profits before patriotism “shoddy millionaires” “shoddy millionaires” Sewing machines Sewing machines Fabricating uniforms and footwear Fabricating uniforms and footwear Goodbye tailored clothing hello sizes Goodbye tailored clothing hello sizes Petroleum a.k.a. coal oil Petroleum a.k.a. coal oil Vast surpluses in grain Vast surpluses in grain