{ “War Between the States” Chapter 11 The American Civil War

 Lincoln received no support in the presidential campaign from the South because they believed he wanted to end slavery. Since there were so many more people in the North, he won the election.   As soon as Lincoln won the election, the South started to secede. This means the South split from the Union. They no longer wanted to be part of the United States.   Supporters of secession based their arguments on the idea of states’ rights. They said they had voluntarily joined the union, so they could leave when they wanted.  civil-war/videos#america-divided

 February 4,1861 -First seven southern states secede to form Confederate States of America.  Jefferson Davis started taking action to separate from the north  The Confederacy wanted the north to abandon southern area, including Fort Sumter  the commander at Fort Sumter, Major Robert Anderson, sent president Lincoln a message that the Confederacy was demanding he and his men surrender or face an attack  Major Anderson had food and ammunition that would last him and his men about 6 weeks C.S.A

 if he ordered his navy to shoot its way into Charleston harbor and reinforce Fort Sumter, he would start hostilities which would prompt slave states in the Union to secede BUT…  if he ordered the fort to evacuate he would be giving power to the confederacy by treating it as a legitimate nation Lincoln's dilemma...

 He refused to abandon Fort Sumter or reinforce it and take over  Sent in "food for hungry men” Now the decision was up to Jefferson Davis  If he did nothing, the Confederacy would not be seen as an independent nation  if he attacked he would start a war Jefferson Davis chose war Jefferson Davis chose war Lincoln’s Plan

 Began around 4:30 A.M. on April 12 th  the fort was hit with more than 4,000 rounds before Major Anderson surrendered First Shots

 wanted 75,000 men for 3 months  States in the upper South were unwilling to fight against other southern states  Virginia ended up seceding and then Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina followed  brought C.S.A. to 11  Some citizens from the union fought for confederacy. -Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, Missouri- four remaining slave states in the Union Lincoln calls for soldiers

 Most populated state in the South and most industrialized  Western counties of Virginia were antislavery, so they seceded from Virginia and were admitted into the Union as West Virginia in 1863 Virginia

What if Virginia had not seceded from the Union in 1861?

 1. What was the main goal for the North and the South in the war? What were they fighting for?  2. Who ended up taking over Fort Sumter? Who took the first shots to start the war?  3. Was war necessary for the South to attempt to become their own country? Essential Questions

Advantages  Large population  90% of industry goods  Controlled navy  good military leaders Disadvantages  Faced hostile people  Unfamiliar with south Union Union

Advantages  Strong support  Familiar territory  Great military leaders Disadvantages Disadvantages  Smaller population  Fewer factories/ships Confederacy

 3 part plan  Step 1-block Southern ports- stop exports and imports  Move down the Mississippi River and split the Confederacy in two  capture the Confederate capital at Richmond, Virginia = Anaconda Plan North's plan for battle

Anaconda Plan

 survival as a nation  defend the South and take over territories The Confederacy's Plan

 First major battle, July 21, 1861  Wanted to seize Richmond  General Thomas Jackson (Stonewall Jackson) led the confederates to victory-1 st for the South  Casualities-2800 Union & 1900 confederacy  Lincoln called for 50,000 men for 3 years Bull Run

 Which side would you have wanted to be on? North or South?  How was the idea of war seen at the beginning compared to after the battle at Bull Run?  How did the feelings about what type of battle this would be shift? Essential Questions

in the beginning  -"My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to save or destroy slavery.” However...  Lincoln realized that just as he could order the Union army to control Confederate supplies (imports/exports) he could use the army to emancipate slaves  Ending slavery was NOT about morality, but a war weapon Emancipation Proclamation

 -January 1st, 1863 (about 2 years into the war) Lincoln issued his Emancipation Proclamation  "All persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a state the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free..."  This applied only to slave behind confederate lines, outside Union control. pros of emancipation proclamation

 a draft that would force certain members of the population to serve in the army. Union Law  - drafted white men, years old for 3 years Confederate Law  - drafted all able-bodied white men, 18-35, and soon later ages Conscription

 poor, white workers= unfair to fight a war just to free slaves -feared that Southern blacks would come north and compete for jobs -for 4 days mobs rampaged the New York city -wrecked draft offices, Republican newspaper offices, and the homes of antislavery leaders, attacked well-dressed men, African Americans -more than 100 people died Draft Riots

 creation of a single unified country  abolition of slavery  increased power to fed. gov't – killed the issue of states rights  U.S. now an industrial nation  a stronger sense of nationalism  lands increasingly opened to settlement  South was economically and physically devastated, w/ the plantation system crippled...thus Reconstruction (rebuilding the U.S.) - but a deep hatred of the North remained. EFFECTS OF CIVIL WAR EFFECTS OF CIVIL WAR