Bellringer Tuesday Get a map off the table below & complete the following. 1.Label your map with the names of the states. 2.Shade Union states Blue 3. Shade Confederate States Red 4. Shade “border states” yellow.

Group task…. 10 – 15 minutes Work in groups of 3 – 4. You will be assigned a side, North or South. Using your map & knowledge, work with your group to come up with a plan/strategy to defeat your enemy. Things to consider: geography, what does this region depend on to sustain their economy, what are their weaknesses/strengths Obviously your goal is to win. How will you do that?—It is 1861! So, no nukes!!

The Confederate Strategy A Defensive War of Attrition: – Goal: Force Union to spend its men & resources until they grow tired of it – Achieve this by: Defend the country, fight only nec. Battles; rarely attack – Problems with strategy: unpopular w/ Southerners who wanted to fight; resulted in sudden offensives costing lives

The Union Plan Anaconda Plan: Winfield Scott – Goal: slowly strangle South – Achieve this through: Blockade of ports- hurt trade & foreign aide Cut supplies, equip.,money, food, cotton Control Miss. River w/ gunboats Capture N. Orleans, Vicksburg, & Memphis Divide E. & W. states & conquer – Problems: To slow

The First Modern War Changes in weaponry – Rapid fire weapons– Gatling gun – ironclad ships – Subs (experimental) – Telegraph & aerial observations Fighting techniques Trenches photojournalists

1 st Battles…1861 July 1861: 1 st Manasses/1 st Bull Run S: battle names after closest town – N. : nearest water (creek, river, harbor, etc) Conf. victory “Stonewall” Jackson gets his name & rep. Rest of year “skirmishs”; nobody really “winning”; Conf. better year.

1862… Union pushes South March 9 th, VA. Coast – Monitor (North) vs. Merrimack (South) – Conf. develop “ironclad” steamship, N. copies – Monitor arrives to face Merrimack; conflict a draw – Significance: Naval warfare changed forever- wooden ships obsolete!

The Merrimac

Battle of Shiloh Pittsburg Landing, Tenn. April 6 – 7 Conf. : led by Gen. Johnston vs. Union. Ulysses Grant Grant heading to Corinth, Miss. impt. Rr junction; stops at Pittsburg landing; Johnston’s surprise attack, Conf. push Union back to Tenn.; Grant counters Signif: Union vict. (barely) high Conf. & Union losses! (over 20,000) South gives up hope of recovering Tenn. & the North of winning fast!

Naval Warfare Blockade- effective but not perfect – Blockade runners- small, fast ships used to smuggle – Conf. ships in foreign ports sink U.S. ships The Alabama – sank 64 union merchant ships The Florida- 38 – Signif: hurt N. econ & strained U.S./British relations

Naval warfare continued April 1862: Union attacks N. Orleans to control Miss. Riv. Led by: David G. Farragut Daring attack facing 2 Conf. forts & and 80 guns, fire-rafts, & gunboats Signif: Union controls N. Orleans– key port & heads up river!

1862 McClellan’s Peninsula Campaign: (362) – Slow, cautious – 30 days for Yorktown – Major losses 7 Days – Goal: Richmond – Outcome: Lincoln orders McClellan retreat McClellan replaced by Gen. Pope

1862 Aug.: 2 nd Manassas/Bull Run Lee wants to deal w/ Pope Conf. Generals attack & raid him Pope & “Stonewall” Jackson face off Outcome: – Conf. victory – Union retreats/takes massive losses – Lincoln brings McClellan back – Clara Barton

What do you think…. At this point in the war, do you think Lee should invade the North? What possible advantages could it have? What disadvantages?

Sept. 17, 1862 Antietam, Maryland *** Major turning point!!