Dictators Threaten World Peace Chapter 24 Section 1

A. Failures of WWI Peace Settlement Treaty not fair to Germans because of War Guilt Clause Didn’t like terr. Being taken away Soviets resented taking of their land to make indep. Countries Treaty did not help war torn Europe recover & put stress on their econ through war debt New Dem begin to crumbledictstors take over w/ strong nationalistic feelings & ambition to expand their terr.

B. Stalin Transforms the Soviet Union Dem. CrumblesRev.communist state Vladimir Lenin=1st leader who diesJoseph Stalin Turns SU into socialist state by eliminating private farming Collective farming= peasants give up small farms to form large state owned farms Second goal to turn SU into industrial power Turned into large police state to accomplish his goals Spies, secret police arrested anyone who criticized him and sent to labor camps

Great Purge= Thousands of ppl in com. Party were arrested and executed Established a totalitarian gov’t Complete control over citizens by taking away all rights and suppressing all opposition http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8IGbjPqFFvA

C. The Rise of Fascism in Italy Mussolini establishing his own totalitarian state Fascism= pol. Movement consisting of strong cent. Gov’t headed by powerful dictator His gov’t didn’t take control of farm & factoriesbusiness ppl who feared com. Supported Mussolini Staged march on RomeItalian king allows him to create new gov’t Blackshirts=his militant supporters Il Duce “the Chief” http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hpn9iPLbNDc

D. The Nazi’s Take Over Germany Joined Nat’l Socialist German Worker’s Party & becomes fuherer (leader) Laid out beliefs in Mein Kampf (My Struggle) Like Fascism, Nazism based on extreme nationalism Unit all German speaking ppl into great empire “Aryns” formed “master” race destined to rule the world GD left ppl desperate for reliefHitler elected chancellor Dismantled Dem gov’t (Weimar Rep.) and instituted the Third Reich http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eGhdX1SI3KY&bpctr=138 9795371

II the United States Responds Cautiously Many ppl believed US should not get involved in these world affairs US follows isolationist policy Kellogg-Briand Pact= US & 61 nations pledge to never make war again but permit defense war Ineffective because it did not provide action against those who broke the pact

A. Clinging to Isolationism Americans determined not to go to war Girl scouts change Khaki to green (less militaristic “scholarships not battleships” American isolationism affects US foreign policy Neutrality Acts aimed to keep US out of war Outlawed arms sales or loans to nations at war Outlawed sale or loan of arms to nation in civil war (Francisco Franco Spain)

B. Neutrality Breaks Down Despite neutrality acts Americans get involved in Spanish civil war Stalin and Mussolini send aid to Franco while Americans volunteer Hitler sees Span Civil War as op. to test military sends them in Western Dem. Send only send clothes and food out of fear of getting dragged into another ware Japan launches invasion of China FDR does not follow Neutrality Acts since they did not formally declare war America remained isolated and uninvolved in the fighting “over there”