 Kalgoolie, Australia  Salt Evaporation Ponds.

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Presentation transcript:

 Kalgoolie, Australia

 Salt Evaporation Ponds

 Sub-Surface Coal Mining

 Limestone Quarry

 Kimberly Diamond Mine

 atured/most-incredible-earth-scars/16808

  The extraction of mineral resources from the Earth  Includes : metals, coal, oil shale, gemstones, ‘rock’, potash, sand, gravel & clay  environmental & safety concerns What is Mining?

 Major Types of Mining  Oil & gas extraction  Coal mining  Metal ore mining  Non-metallic mineral mining  Quarrying  Support activities for mining

 Mineral Resources are not evenly distributed  U.S.  Canadathese five countries  Russiasupply most of the  South Africanon-renewable  Australiaresources

 Mineral Resources are not used equally  United States  Germany  Russia  8 % of world’s population  Use 75% of world’s metal resources

  MANGANESE  COBALT  CHROMIUM  PLATINUM 4 Strategic Minerals

  MANGANESE - make steel  COBALT - gas turbines, jet engines  CHROMIUM - stainless steel  PLATINUM - catalytic converters 4 Strategic Minerals

  Recycle/reuse  Waste less  Use less  Find a substitute  Do without Strategies for dealing with mineral shortages

  Explore - planes, satellites; look for differences in gravity, magnetism, radioactivity  Sample - drill test holes, analyze ore grade  Processing - transport, purify, crush, grind, wash, smelting, manufacture  Use - transportation & distribution  Remediation - restore, clean up Mineral Exploration & Mining

 Types of Mines SURFACE  Coal, metals (Au,Cu,Fe), sand, gravel, stone, salt  Explosives used  Strip ‘overburden’ Sub-Surface  Coal, salts, gemstones,  Room and pillar techniques  Long wall mining techniques  Solution mining

 Surface mining advantages  Miners have better safety  Easier access to ores disadvantages  Alter landscape  Potential damage to environment  Ugliness  Air, water, soil pollution

  Open pit mining  Quarrying  Strip mining  Mountaintop removal Surface Mining Techniques

 Bucket- wheel excavator

 Sub-Surface mining advantages  Disturbs less land  Leaves less waste disadvantages  Danger for miners  Underground fires explosions  Noise, cave ins  subsidence

  Air/Noise Pollution  Water contamination- acid mine drainage  Displacement of Wildlife- terrestrial & aquatic  Erosion & sedimentation  Toxic tailings  Soil degradation  Subsidence  Underground fires  Human health Impacts of Mining

  One of highest regulated industries  Companies spend huge sums restoring environment  Every surface mine MUST return land to original condition Mining Regulations & Reclamation

  Clean Water Act  Safe Drinking Water Act  Comprehensive Response Compensation & Liability Act  Endangered Species Act  Surface Mining Control & Reclamation Act Federal Laws over Mining

  Lake Peigneur- Texaco Diamond Crystal Salt Mine  Chilean Miners- Mining Accidents

 Lake Peigneur La. Nov 20, 1980

 Chile- 2010

  Deep Space Industries- mine Ni. Si, Platinum The Future: Asteroid Mining

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