Define these Terms: Illiberal democracy Rentier State Bicameral Head of government Head of state

Important Points Political Cartoon is due on Wednesday  Remember that it has to be based off a different “academic summary” issue created by a classmate. Vocabulary Test on Thursday No School Friday Unit Text next Monday o Review sheet will be passed out on Wednesday Hamlet next Tuesday o Mrs. Keefer needs Hamlet money

“V” Discussion Are there any links between characters that we have studied and characters in this film? Think about the role of the individual or “citizen”.

“V” Discussion What/who was the last domino? Is there hope for democracy and liberalism in the final moments of “V”?

“V” Discussion Is “V” more hopeful than 1984? If so, how? Does a dystopian novel work if it ends “happily”?

Basic Government Concepts

I. Terms  State: political power exercised over a defined geographical area through public institutions  Population, territory, government, sovereignty  State vs. state  Nation: human community with shared culture and history  Government: collections of individuals who occupy political office or exercise state power  Regime: sets of rules and institutions that control access to, and exercise of, political power and that typically endure from government to government  E.g. Adams’ government gave way to Jefferson’s in compliance with the Constitution  Sovereignty: government has final say over what happens within its country  Limited by international law, WTO, NAFTA, IMF, etc.

II. Regime Types 1. Who has power: Democracy vs. Dictatorship  Liberal vs. illiberal democracy  Power from the people→ liberal democracy  Direct vs. Representative (republic)  Substantive vs. procedural democracy  Power withheld from the people→ authoritarian dictatorship: autocracy, monarchy, aristocracy, oligarchy, kleptocracy, theocracy  Strive for totalitarian control; militaristic; outward appearances of democracy (see J. Kirkpatrick)

2) Geographic Distribution  Where is power located: Unitary, confederate, federal  Britain→ Articles of Confederation→ Constitution  Unitary  State governments; Danville exists at convenience of Sacramento  Confederate  Independent, sovereign states in loose alliance  Key: cannot legislate over individuals  Federal  Overlapping division central (federal) and regional governments (State); separate and co-equal

3) Division of Power within Government  Legislative (makes laws); Executive (executes/carries out laws); Judicial (interprets laws)  Divisions not so clear cut: necessary overlap  Presidential: separate, independent, coequal, checks and balances  Parliamentary: executive members of legislature: chosen by, removable by, legislature  No confidence votes; coalition governments  Less likely to deadlock/fewer checks + balances

III. Principles of Democracy  1) Fundamental worth + dignity every person  2) Equality of all  A) opp’yB) law  3) Majority rule w/minority rights  Madison: Tyranny of the majority  4) Necessity compromise (process, not end)  5) Widest degree indiv. freedom (while protecting/serving public interest)

IV. Necessary Ideals  1) Effective participation  In politics money is speech  2) Equality in voting  But CA vs. ND?  3) Enlightened understanding  TV make me stupid  4) Final control over agenda  See: mobilization of bias  5) Inclusion of adults  Immigration issues; 12 million+ excluded

V. Required Institutions  1) Elected officials  2) Free, fair, frequent, effective elections  3) Freedom of expression  4) Alternative sources information  5) Associational autonomy  6) Inclusive citizenship  Capitalism?

VI. Advantages of Democracy  1) Avoid tyranny  2) Essential rights  3) General freedom  4) Self determination  5) Moral autonomy  6) Human development  7) Protecting essential personal interests  8) Political equality  9) Peace-seeking  10) Prosperity

Academic Enrichment First twenty minutes is for ORB reading. o Please grab your book from locker now. Thirty minutes to finish up homework, plan week, and set yourself up for success this week. Help me put up quizzes and tests for the week.