The United States Takes Hawaii  A stop between China and East India  By mid 19 th century, Americans had sugar plantations throughout  Foreign workers.

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The United States Takes Hawaii  A stop between China and East India  By mid 19 th century, Americans had sugar plantations throughout  Foreign workers outnumbered Hawaiians 4:1!  HOW DID AMERICA SLOWLY GAIN POWER?  U.S. could get sugar with no tax  White landowners were only voters  Built a naval base in Pearl Harbor  What was the McKinley Tariff and how did it effect Hawaiians?

 In 1891, Queen Liliuokalani tried to restore voting power to Natives  U.S. ambassador John L. Stevens and Americans protested and invaded Hawaii  Imprisoned the queen  Took over the government  Sanford B. Dole became president of the provisional government  Pres. Cleveland recognized the Republic of Hawaii  1898 – Hawaii became a U.S. territory

ARGUMENT FORARGUMENT AGAINST

18.2 The Spanish-American War (1898) Objectives: 1. Contrast American opinions regarding the Cuban revolt against Spain 2. Identify the events that escalated conflict between the United States and Spain. 3. Describe the course of the Spanish-American War and its results.

Spanish American War/Imperialism 

America’s interest in Cuba  Both P.R. and Cuba were controlled by Spain  1886 – Cubans fight for emancipation from Spain  Leading supplier of sugar to the United States  1894 – high tariff on Cuban sugar destroys their economy  Jose Martí leading fight for Cuban independence from Spain  Led a guerilla group against sugar mills and plantations  Tried to get U.S. involved.  Cuba Libre!!!  American public opinion was split

WHAT WERE THE CAUSES OF THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR?  Spanish General Valeriano Weyler cracks down on Cuba, creates “concentration camps,” thousands die of hunger & disease  300,000 Cubans were forced into camps!  Hearst and Pulitzer’s US papers fuel war fever with yellow journalism  What is Yellow journalism?  What did Hearst and Pulitzer do/say?  McKinley pressures Spain and they lessen their control in Cuba  Modified policy on concentration camps, allowed limited govt.

U.S. Public Opinion Begins to Turn  De Lome Letter : criticizes Pres. McKinley  Who is Enrique Dupuy de Lome?  What did it say? Did anyone agree with it?  The explosion of the USS Maine Feb. 15, 1898  Was sent to protect American lives and property  260 Americans died  No one knew what happened  Who was held responsible?  What do we know today about the explosion?

USS Maine before…

… USS Maine after

Why did McKinley call for war with Spain?  Popular  Business interests  Spanish “despotism”  U.S.S. Maine incident  Yellow Press/jingoism

Spanish-American War  “Remember the Maine!!”  U.S. declares war on Spain April 20, 1898  May 1 - George Dewey landed in Manila and destroyed the Spanish fleet  Over 11,000 Americans then joined forces with the Filipinos, led by Emilio Aguinaldo  By August, Spanish troops had surrendered to American forces

Invade Cuba?  Americans turned their attention to Cuba, but there were some problems:  1. Not enough modern equipment  2. inadequate leaders  3. Woolen uniforms  4. Inexperienced and ill-prepared

Who are the Rough Riders? regiment of American volunteers, including cowboys, polo players, ex-convicts…and Teddy Roosevelt Why are they historically significant? resources/Private/Faculty/Fac_F rom1877ChapterDoc/ChapterIm ages/Ch19RooseveltandtheRoug h%20Riders.jpg

San Juan Hill  17,000 Americans landed in Cuba in June 1898  Charges by Americans on Kettle Hill (including two African American regiments) cleared the way for San Juan Hill  America wins the Battle for San Juan Hill and TR is declared hero  Spanish fleet tries to escape but had to surrender to the American Navy  America then invaded Puerto Rico

Charge of San Juan Hill Historical Significance: Establishes reputation of TR and the United States as a world power. Painting by Frederic Remington Who is missing from this picture?

Buffalo Soldiers

Timeline of Spanish-American War February 15, 1898 April 20, 1898 May 1, 1898 July 1, 1898 July 25, 1898 August 12, 1898 February 6, 1899

Timeline of Spanish-American War February 15, 1898 Battleship Maine mysteriously explodes and sinks near the Cuban coast, 260 Americans die April 20, 1898 United States goes to war with Spain May 1, 1898 Admiral Dewey steams into Manila Bay and destroys Spanish fleet July 1, 1898 Battle of San Juan Hill and the charge of the Rough Riders July 25, 1898 United States troops invade Puerto Rico August 12, 1898 United States and Spain sign armistice (cease fire) February 6, 1899 Senate passes Treaty of Paris

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OUTCOMES p. 534  379 US combat deaths, deaths from disease  Treaty of Paris of 1898: -Cuba “freed” -Guam and Puerto Rico are US possessions -Philippines purchased for $20 million then annexed to US  Increase in American prestige abroad

What were the arguments for expanding America’s empire? What were the arguments against expanding America’s empire? What do you think?

What were the arguments against expanding America’s empire? 

TERMS  Jose Marti  Valeriano Weyler  Yellow journalism  U.S.S. Maine  George Dewey  Rough Riders  San Juan Hill Objectives: 1. Contrast American opinions regarding the Cuban revolt against Spain 2. Identify the events that escalated conflict between the United States and Spain. 3. Describe the course of the Spanish-American War and its results.