Wow Wednesday Down loading e-books today Biochemistry Notes Pre-AP: You will need your spirals today after bellwork

Bellwork 8: Periodic Table Date: 9/16/09 1. What is the periodic table? 2. What does the periodic table do for us with reference to the elements?

Biochemistry

Elements and Atoms Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Atoms are the basic building blocks of all matter. Elements are basic substances that cannot be broken down into other substances. Molecules are formed by the joining of atoms of two or more elements. (smallest combination that cannot be divided without changing its chemical and physical properties) Compounds are composed of atoms of different elements chemically combined.

Atoms The center of an atom is called the nucleus. Consists of three subatomic particles called: Protons: positive charge Neutrons: neutral/no charge Electrons: negative charge 1st level can hold 2 electrons 2nd level can hold 8 electrons 3rd level can hold 18 electrons

Periodic Table 12 Mg Magnesium Atomic Number: Protons Symbol Element Atomic Mass Number: Protons + Neutrons (Nucleus) QUESTION: What part of the atom gives the atom its mass??

Periodic Table 12 Mg Magnesium Protons + Neutrons Protons = Electrons In a neutral atom

Periodic Table 12 Mg Magnesium = Protons = Electrons = Neutrons =

Periodic Table 17 Cl Chlorine = Protons = Electrons = Neutrons =

Periodic Table 55 Cs Cesium = Protons = Electrons = Neutrons =

Periodic Table Protons = Electrons = Neutrons =

Periodic Table Protons = Electrons = Neutrons =

Periodic Table

Bonding The gaining or losing of electrons in order to become stable is called ionic bonding. ( a metal with a nonmetal)

Bonding

The sharing of electrons in order to become stable is called covalent bonding. (2 nonmetals)

Bonding Polarity one atom (O) has a greater attraction for the electrons than the other atom (H).

Chemical Equations CH 4 + 2O 2  CO 2 + 2H 2 O Products Reactants LIGHT ENERGY CO 2 + H 2 O + LIGHT ENERGY  C 6 H 12 O 6 + O

Inorganic Substances Acids: substances that forms hydrogen (H) hydrogen ions in water. pH of 0-7. Bases: substance that forms hydroxide ions (OH) in water. pH scale of Salts: Inorganic substances that typically contain Chlorine. NotContaining Carbon HCl H 2 SO 4 NaOH KOH NaCl MgCl 2 Exceptions: CO 2 and H 2 O

Inorganic Substances HOH So what is water?? A little bit Acidic A little bit Basic = Neutral

Organic Substances Carbohydrates: made up of simple sugars Nucleic Acids: made up of nucleotides Lipids: made up of a glycerol and at least 1 fatty acid Proteins: made up of amino acids Organic Substances – contain Carbon and Hydrogen

Organic Substances CarbohydratesProteinsLipidsNucleic Acids direct all cell processes catalysts transport movement protection immune growth energy storage cell structures energy

Organic Substances CarbohydratesProteinsLipidsNucleic Acids

Organic Substances CarbohydratesProteinsLipidsNucleic Acids

Organic Substances CarbohydratesProteinsLipidsNucleic Acids

Organic Substances CarbohydratesProteinsLipidsNucleic Acids

Organic Substances CarbohydratesProteinsLipidsNucleic Acids

Organic Substances CarbohydratesProteinsLipidsNucleic Acids

Organic Substances CarbohydratesProteinsLipidsNucleic Acids

Organic Substances CarbohydratesProteinsLipidsNucleic Acids

Organic Substances CarbohydratesProteinsLipidsNucleic Acids

Organic Substances CarbohydratesProteinsLipidsNucleic Acids Sugars Starches Meats Hormones Muscle Hair Nails Enzymes Blood Cells Fats Oils Waxes DNA RNA

Organic Substances Inorganic Acid Base Salt Organic Carbohydrate Protein Lipid Nucleic Acid

Organic Chemistry Lab Foods A: Butter B: Egg Whites C: Oil D: Yogurt E:Apple Juice F: Spinach G: Potato H: Water

Lets talk about results Copy the following questions: ANALYSIS QUESTIONS/CONCLUSION 1. Which compound is most common in foods that come from plants? Which compound is most common in foods that come from animals?

2. Does water contain any of the organic compounds you tested? Explain why water was used as the control.

3. If you wanted to reduce the amount of fat in your diet, what foods would you avoid?

4. Which foods tested would your body use for a quick burst of energy? For energy when no carbohydrates are available? For building body parts?

5. Summarize the results of this lab by writing a “Knowledge Claim” stating what compounds each food consists of.