1 M. Lewitowicz Introduction Performances of SPIRAL 2 Physics of SPIRAL 2 Fundamental Physics and Applications Organisation and Collaborations Next Actions SPIRAL 2 Physics & Collaborations

Marek Lewitowicz 2 Biochemistry Chemistry Nuclear Physics Particle Physics Creation of Matter Elements Planets Life ORIGINE OF LIFE Future RIB Facilities (SPIRAL 2, EURISOL)

Size (m) Mass (kg) Super Cluster Cluster Stars Galaxy Planets Asteroids Comets Home Cells ADN Atoms Nucleons & Nuclei Dimensions of Universe Radiobiology Atomic & Solid State Physics Neurosciences Astrophysics Cluster of stars Nuclear Physics

4 4  Why SPIRAL 2 ?  NUCLEAR PHYSICS  Discovery of new phenomena in nuclei far from stability  Understand a complex structure of atomic nucleus  ASTROPHYSICS  Understand origin of elements  INTERDISCIPLINAIRY RESEARCH  Study of materials for future fusion reactors like ITER and DEMO  Atomic Physics & Solid State Physics,  New isotopes for medicine…  Why SPIRAL 2 ?  NUCLEAR PHYSICS  Discovery of new phenomena in nuclei far from stability  Understand a complex structure of atomic nucleus  ASTROPHYSICS  Understand origin of elements  INTERDISCIPLINAIRY RESEARCH  Study of materials for future fusion reactors like ITER and DEMO  Atomic Physics & Solid State Physics,  New isotopes for medicine…

Marek Lewitowicz 5 5 Spins&Shapes Position of drip-lines N=Z rp-process Heavy and Super Heavy Elements r-process path Haloes & Structures in the Continuum Equation of State Role of Isospin The Physics case of SPIRAL 2 Spins & Shapes Neutrons for science Atomic & solid state physics Isotope production Shell structure far from stability See for morewww.ganil.fr

Surprising phenomena in light nuclei Surprising phenomena in light nuclei Halos Moleculs 4,6… n? r process rp process N=Z n-p pairing Modification of Shells 2p radioactivity Shape coxistence OblateProlateSpherique

7 Nuclear Clusters & Molecules Types of nuclear molecules

r process

Marek Lewitowicz 9 Courtesy of H. Schatz

Marek Lewitowicz 10 Neutrons For Science at SPIRAL 2 ”nTOF - like” facility The time structure of the LINAG accelerator gives a neutron energy resolution of 1% at only 10 m ToF basis (500 kHz and 28µA of d) X. Ledoux Cross sections measurements Material study for reactors

11 M. Lewitowicz SPIRAL2 « Physics Case » coordinator G. De France Final Version of the document (including new chapters on interdisciplinary research and on the facility) - beginning of 2006 on > 110 contributors

CIME Cyclotron Acceleration of RI Beams E < 25 AMeV, AMeV for FF CIME Cyclotron Acceleration of RI Beams E < 25 AMeV, AMeV for FF Production Cave C converter+UC x target  fissions/s Production Cave C converter+UC x target  fissions/s Superconducting LINAC E ≤ 14.5 AMeV for heavy Ions A/q=3 E ≤ 20 A MeV for deuterons (A/q=2 ions) E ≤ 33 MeV for protons Superconducting LINAC E ≤ 14.5 AMeV for heavy Ions A/q=3 E ≤ 20 A MeV for deuterons (A/q=2 ions) E ≤ 33 MeV for protons Low energy RNB (DESIR) Heavy-Ion ECR source (A/q=3), 1mA Deuteron source 5mA Deuteron source 5mA RFQ Stable Heavy-Ion Exp. Hall Direct beam line CIME- G1/G2 caves Existing GANIL Exp. Area Existing GANIL Exp. Area Existing GANIL Accelerators Marek Lewitowicz

13 Fusion reaction with n-rich beams Fission products (with converter) N=Z Isol+In-flight Transfermiums In-flight Transfermiums In-flight Fission products (without converter) High Intensity Light RIB SHE Deep Inelastic Reactions with RIB Primary beams:  deuterons  heavy ions Primary beams:  deuterons  heavy ions Regions of the Chart of Nuclei Accessible with SPIRAL 2 Beams Production of radioactive beams/targets: (n,  ), (p,n) etc. Production of radioactive beams/targets: (n,  ), (p,n) etc.

Marek Lewitowicz 14 Kr isotopes Intensity (pps) SPIRAL 2 yields after acceleration compared to other RNB facilities (best numbers for all) SPIRAL 2 yields after acceleration compared to other RNB facilities (best numbers for all) Performances A Today Future Sn isotopes A Future Today

Marek Lewitowicz 15 Operation of the accelerators: 66 weeks today (3 beams) 120 weeks with SPIRAL 2 (5 simultaneous beams) Operation of the accelerators: 66 weeks today (3 beams) 120 weeks with SPIRAL 2 (5 simultaneous beams) Operation of GANIL with SPIRAL 2 3 simultaneous beams for nucl. phys.

FAIR fragmentation 200 to 1000 A.MeV EURISOL 1 GeV protons ISOL 100 A.MeV G S I fragmentation 1000 A.MeV SPIRAL ISOL 25 A.MeV Louvain ISOL 1-3 A.MeV Rex ISOLDE ISOL 3 A.MeV SPIRAL 2 ISOL 1 to 20 A.MeVMAAF ISOL 5 A.MeVRexISOLDEUpgrade ISOL >3 A.MeV RunningProjectsUnder ConstructionDesign Study SPES ISOL 5 A.MeV

17 M. Lewitowicz Conclusions of the SPIRAL 2 Workshops Intellectual Challenges of SPIRAL 2 and Future Facilities at GANIL oW. Gelletly: GANIL, 1-2/04/2004 Neutrons for science at SPIRAL 2 oD. Ridikas, M. Heil: GANIL, 13-14/12/2004 Physics with separated low energy beams at SPIRAL2 oB. Blank, O. Navillat): GANIL, 4-5/07/2005 Future prospects for high resolution gamma spectroscopy at GANIL oW. Korten, B. Wadsworth): GANIL, 4-6/10/2005 Nuclear Astrophysics with SPIRAL2 oO. Sorlin, K.-H.Langanke): GANIL, 17-18/10/2005 SPIRAL2 Reactions oY. Blumenfeld, W. Catford) : GANIL, 19-21/10/ participants Presentations & reports at:

18 M. Lewitowicz NEW DETECTORS FOR SPIRAL 2 Remark: The detectors for the experiments at SPIRAL 2 are not included today in the SPIRAL2 budget.  Other sources of money (ANR, AP IN2P3, GANIL, International Collaborations) should be found  Typically, for the existing detectors at GANIL France contributes more than 40% Instrumentation for experiments with low energy beams Separator/Spectrometer for high intensity stable beams FAZIA - dynamics array (collaboration just formed officially) Active targets AGATA (Demonstrator and full array) Neutron array(s) (reaction studies, in-beam & decay spectroscopy) Scintillator-based gamma array Modifications of the existing detectors –VAMOS, TIARA, MUST2, … Preliminary Conclusions of the SPIRAL2 Workshops

19 N Maurycy Rejmund IGISOL + Trap + Chemistry Hall for research with LINAG beams LINAG Beam

20 International Collaborations Physics & technique Collaboration NUSTAR-SPIRAL2  Working groups ISOLDE - Letter of agreement signed LEA* with LNL Legnaro (Italy) in preparation LIA* with RIKEN in preparation Poland - LEA in preparation Romania - MoU to be signed today Dubna - MoU to be signed next month SARAF (Israël) MoU in preparation BARC – TIFR (Bombay) MoU in preparation Triumf - MoU in preparation Argonne MoU in preparation … *LEA = Lab. Europ. Associé *LIA = Lab. Int. Associé

21 M. Lewitowicz Current Actions International groups on new detection systems for SPIRAL 2 (under construction) –Specific SPIRAL 2 Groups S 3 - Separator/spectrometer (+ targets and associated detectors) for high intensity stable beams (convener A. Villari) DESIR - Europ Collaboration. For physics with low energy RNB from SPIRAL 2 (spokesman B. Blank) –Already existing European Collaborations EXOGAM AGATA « Active targets » (ACTAR-EURONS) AZ4  (FAZIA) (contacts with NUSTAR) –Working Groups with NUSTAR Neutron detectors (SP2 contact person: N.Orr) New calorimeter (SP2 contact person: J.A. Scarpaci) Electronics & DAQ (SP2 contact person: Patricia Chomaz) Si detectors and associated electronics (SP2 contact person L. Pollacco) Tracking detectors for low energy beams Actions Physique SP2

22 M. Lewitowicz Future Actions SPIRAL 2 Letters of Intent (LoI) –Call for LoI - by March 2006 LoI - content (to be discussed): –Physics case (experiment or theory) –Collaboration –Methodology »Beam, detectors etc. –Rough schedule –Evaluation of LoI by new SPIRAL 2 SAC - by Summer 2006 –Detailed proposals - by Spring 2007 –MoUs on instrumentation to be signed in 2007/2008 Actions Physics SP2

23 M. Lewitowicz Future Actions Workshops  Colloque GANIL (29/05/06-2/06/06) on SPIRAL 1&2 Physics  WS « Interdisciplinary research with SPIRAL 2 » en 2006  WS « Theory for the research at SPIRAL 2 » en 2007  Proposed: Common with NUSTAR  From 2007:  Common NUSTAR/SPIRAL 2 Annual Meetings ?  Participation in the 7th FP  New instrument: construction of infrastructures (SPIRAL 2 & ESFRI)  Integrated Infrastructure Initiatives (like EURONS)  Research Infrastructure Actions (like EURISOL) Actions Physics SP2

24 21/11/05M. Lewitowicz FIN

Marek Lewitowicz 25 Relatively easy beams: Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Kr, Rb, Ag, Cd, In, Sb, I, Xe, Cs Performances Accelerated Beam Intensities (pps) Examples See Final APD Report and LINAG Phase I Report on the GANIL Web site for details

Marek Lewitowicz Sn Kr 20+ Isotope Maximum Energy Beam Intensity (MeV/u) (pps) 132 Sn x Sn x Sn x Sn x Sn x Sn x10 8 Beam Energies from CIME Energy range of SPIRAL2 RIB : < 30keV and 1-20 MeV/nucl. Lower Energies F. Chautard

27 M. Lewitowicz SPIRAL2 « Physics Case » 1. Structure of exotic nuclei: the challenges 1.1.Masses and drip lines 1.2.Weakly bound halo, borromean and cluster system 1.3.Magic numbers and deformations: shell structure far from stability 1.4.Creation of new elements: superheavy nuclei 1.5.Symmetries 1.6.Collective excitation in unstable and weakly bound nuclei 1.7.What forces are responsible for the binding of nuclei? 2. Dynamics and thermodynamics of charge asymmetric nuclear matter 2.1.Thermodynamical aspects 2.2.Large amplitude motion 2.3.Reaction mechanisms at Fermi energies 3. Elements and their origin 3.2.Classical novae and X-ray bursts 3.3.The s-process nucleosynthesis 3.4.The r-process nucleosynthesis 4. Fundamental interactions: searching for physics beyond the Standard Model 4.1.Nuclear structure for examining the Standard Model: the properties of super-allowed  -decay 4.2.Kinematics of  -decay: correlation parameters and the quest for new physics 4.3.First-forbidden  -decay 4.4.Atomic parity non-conservation 5. Neutrons for science at SPIRAL2 5.1.Introduction 5.2.Neutron time-of-flight measurements 5.3.Quasi mono-energetic neutrons 5.4.Astrophysics with neutrons at SPIRAL Material irradiation studies 6. Interdisciplinary Research: Perspectives offered by SPIRAL2

Marek Lewitowicz 28 SPIRAL 2 LAYOUT LINAG Production building GANIL facility LIRAT Hall of DESIR Conclusions of the SPIRAL 2 Workshops … See talk of B. Blank

29 M. Lewitowicz Organisation of SPIRAL 2 Science (Preliminary) Steering Committee SPIRAL 2 Scientific Advisory Committee Project management - Project Leader - Scientific Coordinator.. Ad hoc working gr. techn./phys. Int. Collaborations SP2 (Based on LoI/Proposals/MoU) -DESIR -S 3 -… Int. Agreements (techn./phys.) -MoUs -LEA -LIA GANIL Management SPIRAL 2 France Phys. - Co-ordin. in the IN2P3& CEA Labs Existing Collaborations - NUSTAR - AGATA - EXOGAM - EURONS - EURISOL - FAZIA -…

Marek Lewitowicz 30 Hot plasma ion source fiss./s Yields at SPIRAL2 Based on the PARRNe results Production of accelerated beam in part./s Stable 2x10 5 – 2x10 6 2x10 6 – – 2x10 7 2x10 7 – – 2x10 8 2x10 8 – – 2x10 9 2x10 9 – –10 11 Z N Courtesy of F. Ibrahim

31 STRUCTURE OF MATTER Nucleus Crystal of salt Atoms Electrons Neutrons Protons Quarks