PHLEGMASIA Tracy Groller & Deb Halliday Journal Article Presentation MEDU 610 Professor: Camie Modjadidi April 7, 2011
OBJECTIVES Define Phlegmasia Understand the Disease Process Understand the Treatment Options Care of the Phlegmasia Patient
NORMAL BLOOD FLOW YouTube - CIRCULATION YouTube - CIRCULATION
DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS FORMATION YouTube - How DVT forms YouTube - How DVT forms
DEFENITIONS Phlegmasia /phleg · ma · sia/ (fleg-ma´zhah)- Old term for inflamation of the veins caused by Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT) which is a blood clot. Phlegmasia al´ba do´lens- Milk leg; DVT of the femoral vein with swelling of the leg. Phlegmasia ceru´lea do´lens- An acute form of DVT, with pronounced edema (swelling) and severe cyanosis (blue discoloration) of the limb (leg/arm).
CAUSES OF PHLEGMASIA Pregnancy May-Thurner’s Syndrome (Compression) Surgery Trauma Malignancy Untreated DVT Vena Cava ( Filter) Legs
PHLEGMASIA ALBA DOLENS Pathophysiology Clot Affects Deep Veins Return of Some Blood Flow Less Severe Symptoms Edema (swelling) Pain Blanching (white leg) without cyanosis (blue leg)
PHLEGMASIA ALBA DOLENS
PHLEGMASIA CERULA DOLENS Pathophysiology Clot Affects Deep and Superficial Veins Mostly found in Left Leg Absolutely No Return of Blood Flow Symptoms Severe Edema (Significant Swelling) Agonizing Pain Cyanosis (Blue Color) Loss of Movement Loss of Feeling Compartment Syndrome—which may lead to limb loss
PHLEGMASIA CERULA DOLENS
DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES Non-Invasive (Without Puncture) Ultrasound—Most Reliable MRI/MRV Invasive (With Puncture) Venogram
COMPLICATIONS OF UNTREATED PHLEGMASIA Pulmonary Embolism Valvular Insufficiency Venous Gangrene/Ulceration Limb Death Death
TREATMENT OPTIONS Anticoagulation Possible Inferior Vena Cava Filter Mechanical Debulking YouTube - Thrombectomy animation
TREATMENT OPTIONS Catheter Direct Thrombolysis (CDL) TPA/Retavase (Clot Buster) Stenting
TREATMENT OPTIONS Surgical Thrombectomy Fasciotomy Compartment Syndrome Treatment Amputation
CARE FOR THE PHLEGMASIA PATIENT Vital Signs (O2 Sat) Bedrest with Limb Elevation Pulse Evaluation Motor and Neurological Function Wound Assessment and Care Catheter-Direct Thrombolysis Patient Care
BLOOD CLOT CYCLE DECREASED RETURN BLOOD FLOW ACUTE BLOOD CLOT CHRONIC BLOOD CLOT RESOLVE
REFERENCES "Blood Flow" Retrieved from YouTube 4/2/11. Dardik, A., Rahhal, D. (2009). Phlegmasia alba and cerulea dolens. Retrieved from: “Thrombectomy Animation” Retrieved from YouTube 4/2/11.