Civil War and Reconstruction Unit 9

JUMP START vigilantefreedmanUse your textbook and complete the Frayer Model below in your notebook for the terms vigilante and freedman. (2 models) DefinitionCharacteristics ExamplesNon-Examples Vocabulary Word

Texas During the War Union Supporters in Texas Wartime Economy Home Front Hardships Refugees

Union Supporters in Texas ¼ of Texans supported secession Highest #s in North Texas Vigilantes and the 40 hangings at Gainesville German Texans divided, until the draft Tejanos supported both sides

Wartime Economy Texans raised cotton and cattle Blockades made the sale of cotton difficult, so more corn and wheat were grown Women took over for men Factories supported the efforts for weapons Taxes are high making Confederate $ worth very little

Home Front Hardships Blockade=items in short supply Clothes, shoes, medicines were sent to the battle lines Newspapers were discontinued Texans used substitutes (herbs for medicine, acorns for coffee, honey for sugar)

Refugees Thousands of slaves sent to TX to prevent escape or capture from the Union. Most were accompanied by owners who were unhappily forced from their homes.

Texas After the War Reconstruction – time period in which states worked to change to rejoin the U.S. eos#the-failure-of-reconstructionhttp:// eos#the-failure-of-reconstruction Political Effects Economic Effects Social Effects Write a new Constitution that rejects secession & slavery Develop a new labor system that is not based on slavery Changing the status of African Americans

Emancipation Proclamation Lincoln issues in January of 1863, but TX ignores it. After southern surrender, Gen. Granger arrives in TX on June 19, 1865 to declare all slaves FREE. Juneteenth is celebrated as a day of FREEDOM for freedmen.

Freedmen’s Bureau Created by Congress to help former slaves w/challenges of freedom Provided food, shelter, and medicine as well as jobs and representation in court Agents faced many obstacles Major contribution - SCHOOLS

JUMP START IN YOUR NOTEBOOK - Imagine that you are President of the U.S. faced with the task of bringing the nation back together. What requirements would you make the southern states meet before readmitting them to the Union?

Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan Goal – Reunite Union ASAP (forgiveness) Requirements: 10% of voters take oath of allegiance Elect delegates to revise state constitutions Southerners, except high ranks, would receive pardons Public property would be protected

Presidential Reconstruction Plan Lincoln is assassinated in 1865 w/VP Johnson taking over. Goal – Reunite Union ASAP (states’ rights) Requirements: States end slavery States declare secession illegal. Cancel all war debts. To vote, all white males must pledge loyalty to U.S.

Texas’s Response Appointed Hamilton, a Unionist, temporary Governor Constitution of 1866 changed most things back to the original 1845 document and ended slavery. TX refused to ratify the 13 th amendment and denied civil rights of African Americans. Enacted “Black Codes” which denied rights even further

Congress Reaction to Texas President Johnson agrees to readmit TX. Congress does not. Congress says they can’t be trusted (elected former Confederate supporters and unfair w/African Americans)

Congressional Reconstruction Radical Republicans Goal – Reunite the Union & reorganize South (punishment) Requirements: 14 th Amendment – grants citizenship Limits role of Confederate leaders States placed under military rule “Ironclad Oath” – rise of the KKK

Constitution of 1869 Longest & most $$$ convention ever Very detailed and too costly to enforce Declared U.S. the law of the land Guaranteed all men the right to vote (15 th ) Established public school system for all Centralized law enforcement system Governor Edmund Davis is elected in many Texans’ eyes unfairly.

JUMP START Grab a review sheet from the stool and begin reviewing your notes in your notebook for the details. You will need to study tonight! AGENDA: 1.Finish up notes. 2.Discuss review. 3.TX history baseball review

TX is Readmitted to the Union Davis and Radical Republicans ratify the 14 th and 15 th amendments per Congress’s request. TX is readmitted into the Union on March 8, President Grant declares Reconstruction over and removes military troops.

Davis’s Administration Radical Republicans vs. Redeemers Davis’s legislative policies were referred to as the “Obnoxious Acts” Davis was given great power…created state police, militia, and could appoint offices. People feared his power.

End of Reconstruction Democrats fight to gain control of legislature in Eliminate all of Davis’s acts and choose Coke to run against him in his reelection. Coke defeats Davis, who will not go quietly. African Americans lose ground.

Constitution of 1876 Limits the power of the legislature and governor Legislature meets only every other year Can only make changes by amendment=over 400 times!!! Land for education, railroads, and homesteads Adopted Feb. 15, 1876