 Observe your test tubes.  Determine which test tube most effectively digested the protein.  Complete your lab report ◦ Write a short summary of what the data tells you related to your purpose. ◦ Answer the Lab questions from the blue sheet on your lab report.

Chapter

 Explain how food provides energy.  Describe the nutrients your body needs.  Explain why water is such an important nutrient.  Explain how to use the food pyramid.

1 calorie = 1˚C rise in 1g water temp The Calories you know = 1 kilocalorie

 Every cell in the human body needs water because many of the body’s processes, including chemical reactions, take place in water. ◦ Water makes the major part of blood, lymph and other bodily fluids ◦ Humans need to drink at least 1 liter of water each day. ◦ Lack of water can result in dehydration.

 Simple and Complex carbohydrates are the main source of energy for the body.  Simple: fruits, honey and sugar cane—mono and disaccharides  Complex: grains, potatoes, vegetables— polysaccharides or starches  Complex carbs are broken down to simple carbs through digestion.

 Fats are formed from fatty acids and glycerol.  You need essential fatty acids to produce cell membranes, myelin sheaths and certain hormones and to absorb fat-soluble vitamins.  Extra energy can be stored as fat that protects the body organs and insulates the body.  Saturated vs Unsaturated Fats

 Proteins supply raw materials for growth and repair of structures such as skin and muscle.  They also have regulatory and transport functions, e.g. insulin and hemoglobin  The body can only synthesize 12 of the amino acids used to make proteins. The other 8 are called essential amino acids. They must be obtained from the protein containing foods you eat.  Those who do not eat animal products must eat a combination of plant foods such as beans and rice to obtain all the essential amino acids.

 Vitamins are organic molecules that help regulate your body processes, often working with the enzymes.  Most vitamins must be obtained from food.  Two types ◦ Fat soluble: Include A, D, E, and K—can be stored in fatty tissues.. Excessive amounts of these vitamins can be toxic. ◦ Water soluble: Include C and the B vitamins— cannot be stored in the body.

 Minerals are inorganic nutrients that the body needs.  Minerals do not provide the body with a source of cellular energy but are important components of many body parts.  Examples: calcium—bone and teeth; iron— hemoglobin; magnesium—activation of enzymes in protein synthesis.  See Figure 38-7.

Teenage Female 2200 Cal/day Teenage Male 2800 Cal/day Does it matter where you get your calories from?

 How does food provide energy?  What are the nutrients your body needs? ◦ Which are organic and which are inorganic?  Why is water such an important nutrient?  How do you use the food pyramid?

 Complete Study Guide Page 40.