NORTRIP model application Stockholm Christer Johansson & Michael Norman

At the moment……. Not much has been done in terms of using the NORTRIP model Several measument project studying the PM10 measures Dustbindning (CMA/MgCl 2 ) Street cleaning Speed reduction

Recent road dust Projects in Stockholm Dustbindning and intensive street cleaning in Stockholm City VTI is project manager. SLB perform air quality measurements and evaluate the effect on PM10 concentrations 2013/2014 is the third season 2011/2012 VTI report /2013 VTI report 802 (in press) Supported by City Of Stockholm, Stockholm Stad PM10 monitoring in association with Dust bindning and speed reduction along highways 2013/2014 is the third season 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 in SLB-report 2013:10 Supported by Swedish road administration, trafikverket

Measures in central Stockholm 6 PM10 monitoring stations on 5 streets Including the 4 long term station Chemical composition of PM10 at Hornsgatan 2 streets used as reference (no treatment), Norrlandsgatan an Folkungagatan Sveavägen divided into two stretches Perfect reference On Hornsgatan both dustbinding and cleaning activities All cleaning, dustbinding, salting, sanding activities were logged VTI: Street surface monitoring

Measures in central Stockholm Oct May occasions with 25 % CMA with 10g/m 2 25 occasions with modern street cleaning using water and brushes 42 occasions with water flushing Oct May 2013 ~40 occasions with 25 % CMA with 10g/m 2 ~50 occasions with vacuum cleaning Oct 2013 – May 2014 Dustbinding on 34 streets Vacuum cleaning on the streets with measuring stations Two Vaisala street surface monitors on dustbinded streets

Example for CMAVacuum Test streets HornsgatanXX Sveavägen S, 59X Sveavägen N, 83X FleminggatanXX Reference streets Folkungagatan Norrlandsgatan

Results from Hornsgatan Daily average ratio Hornsgatan/Folkungagatan Significant effect from dustbindning No observed effect from cleaning or flushing Vacuum cleaning had no significant effect *

Conclusions in central Stockholm  Dust bindning with CMA reduced the daily PM10-levels with 20-40%  The day after CMA were also significant decreased  At least 6 fewer days exceeding the PM10 air quality limit value (50µg/m 3 ) were measured each year due to the dust binding  Dust binding alone is not enough to reach the limit value during the worst days  Cleaning had no significant effect on the PM10-levels  Road salt (NaCl) contributed on average to ~3 % of the PM10 and maximum 9 %  CMA contributed on average to 0.2% of the PM10  Effects from vacuum cleaning?  No significant PM10 reduction  VTI results  Removes significant amount of PM10

Three PM10/PM2.5 measuring station along busy highways or bypass roads Main focus on concentrations and limit values In addition dustbindning and speed reductions 25% MgCl 2 with 10g/m 2 In total 11 occasions March-April 2012 and 13 occasions March-April 2013 Use of one Vaisala road surface sensor 2012/2013 Measurements along highways

Surface wetness Use of the surface status It also give water column in mm (more important fr NORTRIP model) Fraction of dry road surface

PM10 i clearly influence by the surface status Blue:dry street Red: wetstreet Local contribution of PM10 during daytime close to the highway

Conclusions from highway PM10 levels were very fast reduced away from the road High PM10 levels were only measured during dry street condition No sanding on the roads MgCl 2 reduced the daily PM10-levels by ~15 % close to the highway The speed reduction could not be studies due to lack of traffic and speed measurements

Additional things interesting for the NORTRIP community Observed meteorology at Hornsgatan