THE TRIUMPH OF INDUSTRY UNITED STATES HISTORY CHAPTER 13 PRENTICE HALL

WHERE US 1 ENDS AND US 2 BEGINS… 1865- THE CIVIL WAR ENDS 1867- THE SOUTH PLACED UNDER MILITARY RULE 1876- CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 1877- RECONSTRUCTION ENDS

CENTENNIAL EXHIBIT PHILADELPHIA, 1876 CORLISS STEAM ENGINE

TECHNOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL GROWTH VOCABULARY ENTREPRENEUR PROTECTIVE TARIFF LAISSEZ FAIRE PATENT BESSEMER PROCESS SUSPENSION BRIDGE TIME ZONE MASS PRODUCTION

ENCOURAGING INDUSTRIAL GROWTH THE CIVIL WAR TRANSFORMED INDUSTRY PRODUCTS HAD TO BE MADE MORE QUICKLY AND EFFICIENTLY FACTORIES INTRODUCED NEW METHODS AND TOOLS

THE FOOD INDUSTRY DEVELOPED PROCESSED FOODS RAILROADS EXPANDED NEW POWER SOURCES WERE DEVELOPED IMMIGRATION INCREASED TO MEET DEMAND FOR LABOR

NATURAL RESOURCERS FUEL GROWTH EASTERN COAL MINES FORESTS NATIONWIDE NAVIGABLE RIVERS OIL (EDWIN DRAKE) TITUSVILLE, PA (1859)

THE WORKFORCE GROWS IMMIGRATION INCREASED AFTER THE CIVIL WAR 1881- 750,000 IMMIGRANTS 1905- 1,000,000 PER YEAR IMMIGRANTS WORKED FOR LOW WAGES IMMIGRANTS WERE WILLING TO MOVE IN PUSUIT OF ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY NEW AGRICULTURAL METHODS REDUCED THE NUMBER OF FARMERS NEEDED

CAPITALISM ENCOURAGES ENTREPRENEURS CAPITALISM- FREE ENTERPRISE SYSTEM INDIVIDUALS OWN MOST BUSINESSES ENTREPRENEURS- PEOPLE WHO INVEST MONEY IN A PRODUCT OR ENTERPRISE IN ORDER TO MAKE A PROFIT

GOVERNMENT POLICIES ENCOURAGE FREE ENTERPRISE GOVERNMENT GAVE LAND TO RAILROADS IN RETURN FOR PROMISE TO QUICKLY LINK EAST AND WEST COASTS CONGRESS PASSED PROTECTIVE TARIFFS TAXES ON IMPORTED GOODS MADE LOCAL PRODUCTS MORE AFFORDABLE GOVERNMENT ENCOURAGED LAISSEZ-FAIRE POLICIES BUSINESSES OPERATING WITH MINIMAL GOVERNMENT CONTROL LEGAL SYSTEM ENFORCED PRIVATE PROPERTY RIGHTS

INNOVATION DRIVES THE NATION ELECTRICITY TRANSFORMS LIFE THOMAS EDISON INVENTS LIGHT BULB (1880) EDISON HELPS DEVELOP CENTRAL POWER PLANTS TO LIGHT CITIES GEORGE WESTINGHOUSE DEVELOPS TECHNOLOGY TO SEND ELECTRICITY OVER LONG DISTANCES

REVOLUTIONIZING COMMUNICATIONS SAMUEL MORSE –TELEGRAPH (1844) ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL- TELEPHONE (1876) GUGLIELMO MARCONI- WIRELESS TELEGRAPH (1896)

MORSE CODE

STEEL- A PRACTICAL WONDER HENRY BESSEMER- DEVELOPS BESSEMER PROCESS THAT MAKES STRONG, LIGHTWEIGHT STEEL STEEL MADE THE CONSTRUCTION OF SKYSCRAPERS POSSIBLE BY 1890, THE US WAS PRODUCING MORE STEEL THAN ENGLAND STEEL ALSO MADE POSSIBLE THE CONSTRUCTION OF SUSPENSION BRIDGES SUSPENSION BRIDGES- ROADWAY IS SUSPENDED BY STEEL CABLES BROOKLYN BRIDGE COMPLETED IN 1873 JOHN A. ROEBLING

TECHNOLOGY AND TRANSPORTATION WESTINGHOUSE- AIRBRAKES FOR TRAINS WOODS- TELEGRAPH SYSTEM FOR TRAINS SWIFT- REFRIGERATED RR CARS BY 1883, 3 TRANCONTINENTAL RR LINES WERE IN OPERATION

ELECTRIC STREETCARS, COMMUTER TRAINS & SUBWAYS ALLOWED FOR COMMUTING FROM SUBURBS WRIGHT BROTHERS COMPLETED 1ST SUCCESSFUL AIRPLANE FLIGHT IN 1903 IN KITTY HAWK, NC

1884, WORLD DIVIDED INTO 24 TIME ZONES TIME ZONES- ONE TIME ZONE PER EACH HOUR OF THE DAY

A SPIRAL OF GROWTH BECAUSE RR’S COULD CARRY LARGE AMOUNTS OF GOODS QUICKLY, BUSINESSES COULD OBTAIN RAW MATERIALS EASILY AND SELL FINISHED GOODS TO MORE CONSUMERS THIS FOSTERED NEW METHODS OF ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT BY THE BUSINESS COMMUNITY THIS STIMULATED INNOVATION IN MANY OTHER INDUSTRIES

TO MEET GROWING DEMAND, OWNERS DEVELOPED MASS PRODUCTION SYSTEMS THIS SPIRAL OF GROWTH ALLOWED FACTORIES TO GET LARGER AND CAUSED A NEED FOR MORE FACTORIES TO MEET GROWING DEMAND, OWNERS DEVELOPED MASS PRODUCTION SYSTEMS MASS PRODUCTION- SYSTEMS FOR TURNING OUT LARGE NUMBERS OF PRODUCTS QUICKLY AND INEXPENSIVELY MASS PRODUCTION REQUIRED MACHINERY TO CARRY OUT TASKS ONCE DONE BY HAND

LINKING WORLD MARKETS BY 1880, THE US DOMINATED INTERNATIONAL GRAIN, STEEL AND TEXTILE MARKETS THE US HAD AS MANY MILES OF RR AS THE REST OF THE WORLD COMBINED

CHANGING AMERICAN SOCIETY AS FARMS BECAME MORE MECHANIZED, MANY PEOPLE MOVED TO URBAN AREAS TO FIND WORK MORE GOODS WERE AVAILABLE FOR PURCHASE COST OF LIVING INCREASED PEOPLE WERE DEPENDENT ON CASH WAGES MANY JOBS WERE REPETITIVE FACTORY JOBS

THINKING ABOUT THE ENVIRONMENT INDUSTRIAL WASTE FROM FACTORIES INCREASED MINING DESTROYED LARGE AREAS OF LAND AND POLLUTED WATER INCREASED FARMING LED TO EROSION AND DUST STORMS CONGRESS CREATED THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE AND BEGAN TO SET ASIDE LAND FOR THE PUBLIC YELLOWSTONE PARK WAS CREATED IN 1872