Hard Scattering and Jets in Heavy-Ion Collisions Naturwissenschaftlich-Mathematisches Kolleg der Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes Kaiserslautern 30.9.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Mass, Quark-number, Energy Dependence of v 2 and v 4 in Relativistic Nucleus- Nucleus Collisions Yan Lu University of Science and Technology of China Many.

Advertisements

The Phase Diagram of Nuclear Matter Oumarou Njoya.

Jet probes of nuclear collisions: From RHIC to LHC Dan Magestro, The Ohio State University Midwest Critical Mass October 21-22, 2005.

Quark-Gluon Plasma !? If physicists are able to create a QGP it will expand and decay into hadrons and will recreate the scenario that occured at about.

Jet and Jet Shapes in CMS

Jet Quenching at RHIC Saskia Mioduszewski Brookhaven National Laboratory 28 June 2004.

Forward-Backward Correlations in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions Aaron Swindell, Morehouse College REU 2006: Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University.

Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions: Recent Results from RHIC David Hardtke LBNL.

J/  nuclear modification factor in nucleus-nucleus collisions Xiao-Ming Xu.

1 Baryonic Resonance Why resonances and why  * ? How do we search for them ? What did we learn so far? What else can we do in the.

Forward-Backward Correlations in Heavy Ion Collisions Aaron Swindell, Morehouse College REU Cyclotron 2006, Texas A&M University Advisor: Dr. Che-Ming.

We distinguish two hadronization mechanisms:  Fragmentation Fragmentation builds on the idea of a single quark in the vacuum, it doesn’t consider many.

Identification of Upsilon Particles Using the Preshower Detector in STAR Jay Dunkelberger, University of Florida.

5-12 April 2008 Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics STAR Particle production at RHIC Aneta Iordanova for the STAR collaboration.

1 The CMS Heavy Ion Program Michael Murray Kansas.

Open Charm Everard CORDIER (Heidelberg) Grako meeting HD, April 28, 2006Everard Cordier.

Finite Size Effects on Dilepton Properties in Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions Trent Strong, Texas A&M University Advisors: Dr. Ralf Rapp, Dr. Hendrik.

September 23, 2008 Erice Cem Güçlü İstanbul Technical University Physics Department Production of electron-positron pairs by nuclear dissociation.

Feb High-pT Physics at Prague1 T. Horaguchi Hiroshima University Feb. 4 for the 4 th International Workshop.

Christina Markert Physics Workshop UT Austin November Christina Markert The ‘Little Bang in the Laboratory’ – Accelorator Physics. Big Bang Quarks.

PHENIX Fig1. Phase diagram Subtracted background Subtracted background Red point : foreground Blue point : background Low-mass vector mesons (ω,ρ,φ) ～

An experimental perspective on first jet measurements at LHC: Lessons from RHIC Dan Magestro, The Ohio State University ALICE-USA Collaboration Meeting.

Parton Model & Parton Dynamics Huan Z Huang Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California, Los Angeles Department of Engineering Physics.

U N C L A S S I F I E D 7 Feb 2005 Studies of Hadronic Jets with the Two-Particle Azimuthal Correlations Method Paul Constantin.

Particle Physics Chris Parkes Experimental QCD Kinematics Deep Inelastic Scattering Structure Functions Observation of Partons Scaling Violations Jets.

Study the particle ratio fluctuations in heavy- ion collisions Limin Fan ( 樊利敏 ) Central China Normal University (CCNU) 1.

Summer Student Practice, Dubna, 2009 Analysis of UrQMD Data Obtained for Relativistic Au+Au Collisions at 17.3 GeV for STAR detector F. Nemulodi, M.W.

EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FOR HADRONIC DECONFINEMENT In p-p Collisions at 1.8 TeV * L. Gutay - 1 * Phys. Lett. B528(2002)43-48 (FNAL, E-735 Collaboration Purdue,

High Pt physics with TOF ALICE B.V.Zagreev ITEP

Recent Charm Measurements through Hadronic Decay Channels with STAR at RHIC in 200 GeV Cu+Cu Collisions Stephen Baumgart for the STAR Collaboration, Yale.

Jet Physics in ALICE Mercedes López Noriega - CERN for the ALICE Collaboration Hot Quarks 2006 Villasimius, Sardinia - Italy.

April 23, 2008 Workshop on “High energy photon collisions at the LHC 1 Cem Güçlü İstanbul Technical University Physics Department Physics of Ultra-Peripheral.

How To See the Quark-Gluon Plasma

Report from India Topical Conference on Hadron Collider Physics XIII Jan 14-20, TIFR, India Naohito Saito RIKEN/ RIKEN BNL Research Center.

U N C L A S S I F I E D Operated by the Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the DOE/NNSA Slide 0 Study of the Quark Gluon Plasma with Hadronic Jets What:

Charged Particle Multiplicity and Transverse Energy in √s nn = 130 GeV Au+Au Collisions Klaus Reygers University of Münster, Germany for the PHENIX Collaboration.

Nucleon-Nucleon collisions. Nucleon-nucleon interaction at low energy Interaction between two nucleons: basic for all of nuclear physics Traditional goal.

Probing the properties of dense partonic matter at RHIC Y. Akiba (RIKEN) for PHENIX collaboration.

Robert Pak (BNL) 2012 RHIC & AGS Annual Users' Meeting 0 Energy Ro Robert Pak for PHENIX Collaboration.

1 Tatsuya Chujo Univ. of Tsukuba Hadron Physics at RHIC HAWAII nd DNP-APS/JPS Joint Meeting (Sep. 20, 2005)

9 th June 2008 Seminar at UC Riverside Probing the QCD Phase Diagram Aneta Iordanova.

John Harris (Yale) LHC Conference, Vienna, Austria, 15 July 2004 Heavy Ions - Phenomenology and Status LHC Introduction to Rel. Heavy Ion Physics The Relativistic.

Heavy-Ion Physics - Hydrodynamic Approach Introduction Hydrodynamic aspect Observables explained Recombination model Summary 전남대 이강석 HIM

High-p T Particles and RHIC Paradigm of Jet Quenching Ahmed M. Hamed NN2012 The 11 th International Conference on Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions 1.

Olena Linnyk Charmonium in heavy ion collisions 16 July 2007.

The Quark-Gluon Plasma Marco van Leeuwen. 2 Elementary particles Atom Electron elementary, point-particle Protons, neutrons Composite particle  quarks.

Implications for LHC pA Run from RHIC Results CGC Glasma Initial Singularity Thermalized sQGP Hadron Gas sQGP Asymptotic.

1/41 From High-Energy Heavy-Ion Collisions to Quark Matter Episode I : Let the force be with you Carlos Lourenço, CERN CERN, August, 2007.

Results from ALICE Christine Nattrass for the ALICE collaboration University of Tennessee at Knoxville.

24 Nov 2006 Kentaro MIKI University of Tsukuba “electron / photon flow” Elliptic flow measurement of direct photon in √s NN =200GeV Au+Au collisions at.

1 Probing dense matter at extremely high temperature Rudolph C. Hwa University of Oregon Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China April 20, 2009.

Diagnosing energy loss: PHENIX results on high-p T hadron spectra Baldo Sahlmüller, University of Münster for the PHENIX collaboration.

Mass states of light vector mesons are considered to be sensitive probes of partial chiral symmetry restoration theoretically expected in high energy and/or.

Kirill Filimonov, ISMD 2002, Alushta 1 Kirill Filimonov Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Anisotropy and high p T hadrons in Au+Au collisions at RHIC.

Making a Little Bang with heavy ion collisions outline l Science questions which define our goals l Structure of nuclear matter and theoretical tools.

Christina MarkertHirschegg, Jan 16-22, Resonance Production in Heavy Ion Collisions Christina Markert, Kent State University Resonances in Medium.

Measurement of photons via conversion pairs with the PHENIX experiment at RHIC - Torsten Dahms - Master of Arts – Thesis Defense Stony Brook University.

Jet-Hadron Azimuthal Correlation Measurements in pp Collisions at √s = 2.76 TeV and 7 TeV with ALICE 2012/08/11-18 Quark Matter 2012 Motivation PhysRevC (CMS)PhysRevC (PHENIX)

1 M. Gazdzicki Frankfurt, Kielce Observation of the onset of deconfinement and Search for the critical point Past and future of the ion physics at the.

Lecture 2 - Feynman Diagrams & Experimental Measurements

Axel Drees, University Stony Brook, PHY 551 S2003 Heavy Ion Physics at Collider Energies I.Introduction to heavy ion physics II.Experimental approach and.

(Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider) QCD Matter in the Laboratory Peter A. Steinberg Brookhaven National Laboratory Physics Colloquium, George Washington.

Review of ALICE Experiments

Heavy Quark Correlations and J/ψ Production in Heavy Ion Collisions 2014 REU Presentation Presenter: Ray Niazi Mentor: Dr. Ko.

for the ALICE collaboration University of Tennessee at Knoxville

Physics with Nuclei at an Electron-Ion Collider

QCD (Quantum ChromoDynamics)

Properties of the Quark-Gluon Plasma

برخورد یون های سنگین در LHC همایش یک روزه فیزیک LHCبا تاکید بر هیگز

Lecture 2: Invariants, cross-section, Feynman diagrams

Presentation transcript:

Hard Scattering and Jets in Heavy-Ion Collisions Naturwissenschaftlich-Mathematisches Kolleg der Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes Kaiserslautern – PD Dr. Klaus Reygers Institut für Kernphysik Universität Münster

2 Hard Scattering and Jets in Heavy-Ion Collisions Content 1 Introduction 1.1 Quark-Gluon Plasma 1.2 Kinematic Variables 2 Lepton-Nucleon, e + e -, and Nucleon-Nucleon Collisions 2.1 Deep-Inelastic Scattering and the Quark-Parton Model 2.2 Jets in e + e - Collisions 2.3 Jets and High-p T Particle Production in Nucleon-Nucleon Collisions 2.4 Direct Photons 3 Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions 3.1 Parton Energy Loss 3.2 Point-like Scaling 3.3 Particle Yields at Direct Photons at High-p T 3.4 Further Tests of Parton Energy Loss 3.5 Two-Particle Correlations 3.6 Jets in Pb+Pb Collisions at the LHC

3 Hard Scattering and Jets in Heavy-Ion Collisions Links Slides will be posted at Lectures on Heavy-Ion Physics (from experimentalist‘s viewpoint): User: qgp, password: ss06 Many useful talks/lectures on Hard Scattering and Jets: (→ summer schools)

4 Hard Scattering and Jets in Heavy-Ion Collisions Paper on Hard Scattering and Jets M. Tannenbaum, Review of hard scattering and jet analysis nucl-ex/ A. Accardi et al., Hard Probes in Heavy Ion Collisions at the LHC: Jet Physics hep-ph/

5 Hard Scattering and Jets in Heavy Ion Collisions – 1.1 Quark-Gluon-Plasma 1.1 Quark-Gluon Plasma

6 Hard Scattering and Jets in Heavy Ion Collisions – 1.1 Quark-Gluon-Plasma  Confinement: Isolated quarks and gluons cannot be observed, only color- neutral hadrons Meson  Asymptotic freedom: Coupling  s between color charges gets weaker for high momentum transfers, i.e., for small distances (r < 1/10 fm)  Limit of low particle densities and weak coupling experimentally well tested (  QCD perturbation theory) Strong Interaction  Nucleus-Nucleus collisions: QCD at high temperatures and density („QCD thermodynamics“) Nobel prize 2004 in physics David J. GrossH. David PolitzerFrank Wilczek

7 Hard Scattering and Jets in Heavy Ion Collisions – 1.1 Quark-Gluon-Plasma Confinement Dominant at small distances (1-gluon exchange) Dominant at large distances (Confinement)

8 Hard Scattering and Jets in Heavy Ion Collisions – 1.1 Quark-Gluon-Plasma Asymptotic Freedom QCD perturbation theory (pQCD): pQCD works for  s >  2  0,06 (GeV/c) 2 Asymptotic freedom: In the limit Q 2   quarks behave as free particles

9 Hard Scattering and Jets in Heavy Ion Collisions – 1.1 Quark-Gluon-Plasma Predictions from First principles: Lattice QCD F. Karsch, E. Laermann, hep-lat/ quark flavors: T c = ( ) MeV  c  0.7 – 1.0 GeV/fm 3 only 20% deviation: qgp is an ideal gas not

10 Hard Scattering and Jets in Heavy Ion Collisions – 1.1 Quark-Gluon-Plasma QCD Phase Diagram Measure of net baryon density ρ Early universe (t  s) RHIC, LHC (?)

11 Hard Scattering and Jets in Heavy Ion Collisions – 1.1 Quark-Gluon-Plasma Brief History of QCD and Jets

12 Hard Scattering and Jets in Heavy Ion Collisions – 1.1 Quark-Gluon-Plasma A Jet in a p+p Collision

13 Hard Scattering and Jets in Heavy Ion Collisions – 1.1 Quark-Gluon-Plasma Jet-Quenching in Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions

14 Hard Scattering and Jets in Heavy Ion Collisions – 1.1 Quark-Gluon-Plasma Brief History of Heavy Ion PhysicsStartAcceleratorProjectile Energy (  s) per NN pair ~1985AGS (BNL)Si~5 GeV ~1985SPS (CERN)O, S~20 GeV 1994SPS (CERN)Pb17 GeV 2000RHIC (BNL)Au200 GeV 2008LHC (CERN)Pb5500 GeV

15 Hard Scattering and Jets in Heavy Ion Collisions – 1.1 Quark-Gluon-Plasma CERN SPS ( ) SPS West area (WA) North area (NA) NA35/44 NA38/50/50 NA49 NA45(CERES) NA57 WA80/98, WA97→NA57 Circumference: 6,9 km

16 Hard Scattering and Jets in Heavy Ion Collisions – 1.1 Quark-Gluon-Plasma RHIC: Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider  Circumference 3,83 km  2 independent rings  120 „bunches“  ~10 9 Au-Ions per bunch  „Bunch Crossings“ every 106 ns  Collisions of different particle species possible  Maximum energy:  200 GeV for Au+Au  500 GeV for p+p  Design luminosity  Au-Au: 2 x cm -2 s -1  p-p: 1,4 x cm -2 s -1

17 Hard Scattering and Jets in Heavy Ion Collisions – 1.1 Quark-Gluon-Plasma RHIC beamtimes:  Run 1 (2000): Au+Au,  s NN = 130 GeV  Run 2 ( ): Au+Au, p+p,  s NN = 200 GeV  Run 3 (2003): d+Au, p+p,  s NN = 200 GeV  Run 4 ( ): Au+Au, (p+p)  s NN = 62, 200 GeV  Run 5 (2005):Cu+Cu, p+p  s NN = 22, 62, 200 GeV  Run 6 (2006): p+p  s NN = 22, 62, 200 GeV  Run 7 (2007):Au+Au  s NN = 200 GeV

18 Hard Scattering and Jets in Heavy Ion Collisions – 1.1 Quark-Gluon-Plasma CERN: Large Hadron Collider (LHC) p+p collisions:  s = 14 TeV collision rate: 800 MHz Pb+Pb collisions:  s = 5,5 TeV collision rate: 10 kHz circumference: 27 km B-Field: 8 T 100 m beneath the surface first collisions: 2008

19 Hard Scattering and Jets in Heavy Ion Collisions – 1.1 Quark-Gluon-Plasma FAIR at GSI UNILAC SIS FRS ESR SIS 100/300 HESR Super FRS NESR CR RESR FLAIR Currently available beam particles: Z = 1 – 92 (protons up to uranium) up to 2 GeV/nucleon Planned facility: 100 – 1000 times higher beam intensities, Z = -1 – 92 (protons up to uranium, antiprotons), up to 35 GeV/nucleon 2007begin of construction 2012first experiments 2014 completion

20 Hard Scattering and Jets in Heavy Ion Collisions – 1.2 Kinematic Variables 1.2 Kinematic Variables

21 Hard Scattering and Jets in Heavy Ion Collisions – 1.2 Kinematic Variables Energy and Momentum „Length“ of a 4-vector is invariant under Lorentz transformation: Relativistic momentum and relativistic energy: Relativistic energy momentum relation: Energy-Momentum four vector:

22 Hard Scattering and Jets in Heavy Ion Collisions – 1.2 Kinematic Variables Energy and Momentum Conservation Der energy-momentum four-vector is conserved in all components. For a reaction A+B  C+D one has: 1. energy conservation: 2. 3-momentum conservation Mandelstam variables: energy-momentum four-vectors

23 Hard Scattering and Jets in Heavy Ion Collisions – 1.2 Kinematic Variables Interpretation of s und t Center-of-mass system (CMS) defined by: Interpretation of s: is the total energy in the center-of-mass system Interpretation of t: is the momentum transfer (square of four-momentum transfer)

24 Hard Scattering and Jets in Heavy Ion Collisions – 1.2 Kinematic Variables  s for Fixed-Target and Collider Experiments Target Fixed-Target-Experiment: Collider: Example: Anti-proton production in a fixed-target experiment: Minimum energy required for the production of an anti-proton: All produced particles at rest in CMS-frame, i.e  s = 4 m p, therefore

25 Hard Scattering and Jets in Heavy Ion Collisions – 1.2 Kinematic Variables Rapidity beam axis y is additive under Lorentz transformation: Pseudorapidity  : rapidity in system Srapidity of S‘ measured in S rapidity in S‘ rapidity In particular:

26 Hard Scattering and Jets in Heavy Ion Collisions – 1.2 Kinematic Variables Summary: Kinematic Variables p pTpT Transverse momentum Rapidity Pseudorapidity (~40  ) (~15  )

27 Hard Scattering and Jets in Heavy Ion Collisions – 1.2 Kinematic Variables Example of a Pseudorapidity Distribution dN ch /d  Beam rapidity: Average number of charged particles:

28 Hard Scattering and Jets in Heavy Ion Collisions – 1.2 Kinematic Variables Lorentz Invariant Phase Space Element Lorentz transformation of phase space element Invariant phase space element: not Lorentz Invariant! Invariant cross section:

29 Hard Scattering and Jets in Heavy Ion Collisions – 1.2 Kinematic Variables Invariant Cross Section Example:   production Integral of the inv. cross section: Average particle multiplicity per event Total inel. cross section

30 Hard Scattering and Jets in Heavy Ion Collisions – 1.2 Kinematic Variables Invariant Mass Consider decay of a particle with mass M into two daughter particles Example:  0 - Decay M (GeV/c 2 ) counts Background of  -pairs, which don‘t originate from the same  0 decay Signal: Number of entries over combinatorial background (Peak width determined by energy resolution of the detector) Momentum of the  0 Invariant Mass: