CHAPTER 3 Communities and Biomes You will identify factors that limit the existence of species to certain areas. You will describe how and why different communities form. You will compare and contrast biomes of the planet earth

LIVING IN THE COMMUNITY Communities are interacting populations of different species. Abiotic and biotic factors interact and result in conditions that are suitable for life for some organisms and unsuitable for other organisms Biotic - living factors Abiotic - nonliving factors

LIMITING FACTORS ---- FOOD ---- PREDATORS ---- TEMPERATURE Environmental factors that affect an organism’s ability to survive its environment. ---- FOOD ---- PREDATORS ---- TEMPERATURE Any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the existence, numbers, reproduction, or distributions of organisms.

Range Of Tolerance The ability of an organism to withstand fluctuations in biotic an abiotic environmental factors. For example: A range of temperatures A difference of soil types Amount of sunlight Elevation

SUCCESSION As the land changes Changes over time Orderly, natural changes Species replacements that take place in the communities of an ecosystem.

Stages of Succession Different species at different stages create conditions that are suitable for some organisms and not suitable for others. Two types of succession: --------- Primary succession --------- Secondary succession

Primary Succession Colonization of new sites by communities of organisms. First species in an area are called pioneer plants Example: Lichen A stable mature community that undergoes little or no change in species is a climax community

Secondary Succession Community changes that take place after a community is disrupted by natural disasters or human actions Lightning or flood Farmer abandoning a field

ECOSYSTEMS THAT HAVE SIMILIAR KINDS OF CLIMAX COMMUNITIES. LAND BIOMES: TERRESTRIAL BIOMES LAKE, STREAMS, OCEANS: AQUATIC BIOMES

Aquatic Biomes Life in the Water Marine Biomes Separate marine biomes into: Shallow Sunlit zones Deeper Unlighted zones Estuary: coastal body of water, partially surrounded by land, in which freshwater and saltwater mix.

Marine Biome The Effects of Tides Twice a day Intertidal zone: The portion of the shoreline that lies between the high and low tides. Tide pools: Pools of water left when the water recedes at low tide, vary greatly in nutrients and oxygen levels from the ocean. Much light but organisms have to contend with the crashing of waves.

Terrestrial Biomes

Key Terms Climax community Limiting factor Primary succession Secondary succession Aphotic zone Biome Desert Estuary Grassland Tundra Permafrost Photic zone Plankton Taiga Temperate forest Tropical rain forest Intertidal zone