Notes 17.2 Radicals in Control

African Americans’ Rights Black Codes-laws in the South that aimed to control freedmen and allow exploitation of AA by plantation owners. Black Codes-laws in the South that aimed to control freedmen and allow exploitation of AA by plantation owners. Examples-arrest unemployed AA and make them work to pay off fines, AA not allowed to own or rent land, make orphaned children work for free Examples-arrest unemployed AA and make them work to pay off fines, AA not allowed to own or rent land, make orphaned children work for free Slavery in disguise. Slavery in disguise.

Challenging Black Codes Freedman Bureau given more power to hear cases of wrong doing. Freedman Bureau given more power to hear cases of wrong doing. Civil Rights Act Granted AA full citizenship and gave Fed. Gov’t the power to intervene in state matters. Overturned Black Codes and Dred Scott case. Civil Rights Act Granted AA full citizenship and gave Fed. Gov’t the power to intervene in state matters. Overturned Black Codes and Dred Scott case. Johnson threatened to Veto laws, Congress had enough votes to override the veto and passed laws. Johnson threatened to Veto laws, Congress had enough votes to override the veto and passed laws.

14 th Amendment 14 th Amendment granted AA full citizen and protect under the Civil Rights Act. 14 th Amendment granted AA full citizen and protect under the Civil Rights Act. Says no state can take away a citizen’s life, liberty and property without “due process of law” and everyone had “equal protection under the law”. Says no state can take away a citizen’s life, liberty and property without “due process of law” and everyone had “equal protection under the law”. Also added Confederate leaders couldn’t hold office unless pardoned by 2/3 of Congress. Also added Confederate leaders couldn’t hold office unless pardoned by 2/3 of Congress. States had to ratify this amendment before admittance into the Union. States had to ratify this amendment before admittance into the Union.

Radical Reconstruction Republicans won major victories and had control of both House and Senate. Republicans won major victories and had control of both House and Senate. Reconstruction Act )Diveded 10 Southern states into 5 military districts and under military control until new gov’t est. Made sure AA voted in elections. 2) Military commanders began registering votes to vote in new state constitutional conventions. Reconstruction Act )Diveded 10 Southern states into 5 military districts and under military control until new gov’t est. Made sure AA voted in elections. 2) Military commanders began registering votes to vote in new state constitutional conventions.

Readmission of States and Challenge to Johnson Many Southerners refused to participate in elections and Republican gained control of South Many Southerners refused to participate in elections and Republican gained control of South By 1868 Alabama, AR, FL, GA, LA, N.C. & S. C. were readmitted. In 1870 MS, VA and TX readmitted. By 1868 Alabama, AR, FL, GA, LA, N.C. & S. C. were readmitted. In 1870 MS, VA and TX readmitted. Johnson didn’t like radical reconstruction. Congress passed Tenure of Office Act-prohibited the President from removing gov’t officials w/out Senate approval. Johnson didn’t like radical reconstruction. Congress passed Tenure of Office Act-prohibited the President from removing gov’t officials w/out Senate approval.

Impeaching the President Johnson violated Office of Tenure act when he removed Edwin Stanton as Sec of War. Johnson violated Office of Tenure act when he removed Edwin Stanton as Sec of War. House of Rep decide to impeach Johnson because of this. Had impeachment trail but did not have enough votes to impeach Johnson. Stayed until term over House of Rep decide to impeach Johnson because of this. Had impeachment trail but did not have enough votes to impeach Johnson. Stayed until term over

Election of th Amendment Republican choose Ulysses S. Grant as candidate. Democrats chose Horatio Seymour. Grant won. Republican choose Ulysses S. Grant as candidate. Democrats chose Horatio Seymour. Grant won. Passed 15 th Amendment in February It prohibited state and federal gov’t form denying male citizens right to vote based on “race, color, or condition of servitude. Passed 15 th Amendment in February It prohibited state and federal gov’t form denying male citizens right to vote based on “race, color, or condition of servitude.

17.3 The South during Reconstruction The South during Reconstruction

African American in Government Hiran Revels- minister and Civil War veteran. Elected to the Senate form state of Mississippi. Hiran Revels- minister and Civil War veteran. Elected to the Senate form state of Mississippi. Blanche K. Bruce- former slave, became a Superintendent of schools and also served in Senate from Mississippi. Blanche K. Bruce- former slave, became a Superintendent of schools and also served in Senate from Mississippi.

Scalawags & Carpetbaggers Scalawags-Southern whites who supported Republican Policy during reconstruction. Hated by former Confederates Scalawags-Southern whites who supported Republican Policy during reconstruction. Hated by former Confederates Carpetbaggers-Northerns who moved South to support Reconstruction, usually former Union soldiers or members of freedmen bureau. Carpetbaggers-Northerns who moved South to support Reconstruction, usually former Union soldiers or members of freedmen bureau.

Resistance to Reconstruction Many Southerners refused African Americans there freedom, to rent land, give them credit or help them out in any way. Many Southerners refused African Americans there freedom, to rent land, give them credit or help them out in any way. Ku Klux Klan-Used violence and terror to keep African American from gaining any kind of freedom. Also targeted whites who helped them. Ku Klux Klan-Used violence and terror to keep African American from gaining any kind of freedom. Also targeted whites who helped them. Government tried to stops these acts of violence with little success. Government tried to stops these acts of violence with little success.

Some Improvements Education was improved and public schools established. African American and white students went to different schools except in Louisiana, South Carolina and Florida were they were integrated and went to school together. Education was improved and public schools established. African American and white students went to different schools except in Louisiana, South Carolina and Florida were they were integrated and went to school together.

Farming Beside education, African Americans wanted land. Hard to get own land. Beside education, African Americans wanted land. Hard to get own land. Sharecropping-Landowners, rent land and equipment to African Americans in return to a percentage of the $$ received for crops. Sharecropping-Landowners, rent land and equipment to African Americans in return to a percentage of the $$ received for crops. Whites overcharged AA and many had little left over after dept was settled. Whites overcharged AA and many had little left over after dept was settled.