A movement 4 Nov 5, 2012 – Day 28 Introduction to Syntax ANTH 3590/7590 Harry Howard Tulane University

C OURSE MANAGEMENT We need to spend our $150 from the Provost’s Undergraduate Activities Fund. 11/05/12 2 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane

A-MOVEMENT 11/05/12 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane 3

R EVIEW OF RAISING 11/05/12 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane 4

Control vs. raising predicates Note that control is ‘normal’ Don’t these two sentences look similar? 72b) He does want to scare them. 72a) He does seem to scare them. Four ways in which they are different. 1. Expletive there subjects: 84b) *There wanted to remain several unsolved mysteries. 84b) There seem to remain several unsolved mysteries. cf other examples (54-7) p Subject idioms: 85a) ??Whenever they meet, all hell wants to break loose. 85a) Whenever they meet, all hell seems to break loose. 3. Synonymy under long-distance passivization: 87b) Mary wants to be helped by John. 87a) ≉ John wants to help Mary. 86b) Mary seems to have been helped by John. 86a) ≈ John seems to have helped Mary. 4. Restrictions on subject: 88) My {cat/!gesture} wants to be appreciated. 89) My {cat/gesture} seems to be appreciated. 11/05/12 5 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane

Summary of the differences Note that control is ‘normal’ Control (want, be keen) Raising (seem, be likely) Expletive there subject *ok Subject idiom*ok Synonymy under long-distance passivization *ok Restrictions on subject yesno 11/05/12 6 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane

EXPLANATION A control predicate like want assigns EXPERIENCER to its specifier/external argument and THEME to its complement/internal argument. If clausal, the complement is CP. A raising predicate like seem assigns no theta role to its specifier/external argument and takes a TP complement/internal argument. 11/05/12 7 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane

TP T’T’ V' T to C ONTROL VERB WANT (78) 11/05/12 8 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane V scare PRN them V assigns THEME to its complement PRN he CP TP CøCø T’T’ V' T does V want PRN PRO VP PRN PRO V assigns AGENT to its specifier CP CøCø V assigns THEME to its CP complement VP V assigns EXPERIENCER to its specifier PRN he

PRN he TP T’T’ V' T to R AISING VERB SEEM (73) 11/05/12 9 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane V scare PRN them V assigns THEME to its complement PRN he CP TPCøCø T’T’ VPT does V seem PRN he VP V assigns AGENT to its specifier V assigns THEME to its TP complement?

E XAMPLES 11/05/12 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane 10

EX. 6.1: RAISING VS. CONTROL VERBS 1. tend to 2. decide to 3. come to 4. have to 5. fail to 6. try to 7. refuse to 8. begin to 9. attempt to 10. happen to 1. raising 2. control 3. raising 4. raising 5. raising 6. control 7. control 8. raising 9. control 10. raising 11/05/12 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane 11

EX. 6.1: RAISING VS. CONTROL VERBS 11. going to 12. bound to 13. looks to 14. needs to 15. manage to 16. intend to 17. threaten to 18. hope to 19. choose to 20. plan to 11. raising 12. raising 13. raising? 14. control, raising? 15. control, raising? 16. control 17. control, raising? 18. control 19. control 20. control 11/05/12 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane 12

EX 6.2 DERIVATIONS On chalkboard. 11/05/12 13 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane

NEXT TIME §7 11/05/12 ANTH3590/7590, Harry Howard, Tulane 14