The Periodic Table.

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Presentation transcript:

The Periodic Table

Dimitri Mendeleev Father of the Periodic Table Looked for clues (studied the evidence) Wrote facts on paper cards Observed patterns

Observations: Melting point Density Color Atomic mass (as compared to hydrogen) Bonding power (how many bonds each element formed with oxygen)

Copper and Silver are both shinny, tarnish and turn green Chlorine and Fluorine are both gases and can irritate your lungs

Mendeleev’s Observations Patterns appear when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic mass Grouped cards according to patterns Published first Periodic Table in 1869

First Periodic Table

The Periodic Table Today Arranged by atomic number Over 100 known elements today Some elements have not been discovered yet – spaces on the Periodic Table have been left for them

Groups and Periods 18 vertical columns called GROUPS or FAMILIES Elements in each group have similar characteristics Group 1 are the alkali metals – react violently with water Group 18 are the Noble Gases – rarely react at all 7 horizontal rows called PERIODS Series of different elements that are not alike Pattern: reactive to non-reactive

What causes bonding power? Valence electrons The elements in each group of the periodic table have the same number and arrangement of valence electrons

Valence Electrons Group 1 Alkali Metals Group 18 Noble Gases