Transmutation of Spent Nuclear Fuel utilizing Spallation Reactions John Freiderich NCSS 07/27/2006.

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Presentation transcript:

Transmutation of Spent Nuclear Fuel utilizing Spallation Reactions John Freiderich NCSS 07/27/2006

Introduction Accumulated Spent Nuclear Fuel  Over 40k metric tons Spallation Transmutation

Spallation What does this entail?  Incident Particle  Target Nucleus Goal: Generate Neutrons

Cross-Section Incident Particles  Charged Particles  Uncharged Particles

Mass Partitions

Two-Step Nucleon Production First Step  Penetration  Intranuclear Cascade Second Step  De-excitation of Compound Nucleus Evaporation of nucleons and light nuclei Fission

Intranuclear Cascade

Spent Nuclear Fuel Prediction: Enrico Fermi (1940s) Today  Criticality Concerns  Decay Heat Management  Radioactive Waste Handling Seen as Primary Problems

Products of Nuclear Waste Radio nuclides  90 Sr, 137 Cs  239 Pu, 242 Pu, 237 Np, 129 I, 135 Cs and 99 Tc Mobility & Half-lives

Transmutation Transforming the Nucleus  Neutron Absorption

Neutron Absorption Induced through Sub-critical System  Accelerator-Driven System (ADS)  External Source of Neutrons

Chemical Reprocessing Aqueous Separations  Remove 238 U and some other fission products

ADS Schematic

Conclusion Exponential growth in Energy Demand Spallation provides neutron source

Inquiries?

References [1]Benlliure, J.; Schmidt, K.-H. Basic nuclear data for nuclear waste transmutation and radioactive nuclear beam production. Nucl. Phys. A. 2004, 746, 281c-287c. [2]Bernas, M.; Armbruster, P.; Benlliure, J.; Boudard, A.; Casarejos, E.; Enqvist, T.; Kelic, A.; Legrain, R.; Leray, S.; Pereira, J.; Rejmund, F.; Ricciardi, M.-V.; Schmidt, K.-H.; Stéphan, C.; Taieb, J.; Tassan-Got, L.; Volant, C. Very heavy fission fragments produced in the spallation reaction 238U+p at 1 A GeV. Nucl. Phys. A. 2005, 765, [3]Friedlander, G.; Kennedy, J. W.; Macias, E. S.; Miller, J. M. Nuclear and Radiochemistry, 3rd edition; John Wiley and Sons: New York, 1981; [4](a) Gudowski, W. Transmutation of Nuclear Waste. Nucl. Phys. A. 2000, 663&664, 169c-182c. (b) Accelerator-driven Transmutation Projects. The Importance of Nuclear Physics Research for Waste Transmutation. Nucl. Phys. A. 1999, 654, 436c-457c. [5]Loveland, W.; Morrissey, D.J.; Seaborg, G.T. Modern Nuclear Chemistry; John Wiley and Sons: New Jersey, 2006; [6]Mueller, A. C. Nuclear waste incineration and accelerator aspects from the European PDS-XADS study. Nucl. Phys. A. 2005, 751, 453c-468c.